tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36943065992778951142023-11-15T05:06:32.232-08:00Pdf essay writingsummerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-14637936182099881702020-08-26T07:43:00.001-07:002020-08-26T07:43:23.612-07:00Part Five Chapter VII Free EssaysXII Mostly down his parcel of Rolos, Robbie turned out to be incredibly parched. Krystal had not gotten him a beverage. He moved off the seat and hunkered down in the warm grass, where he could at present observe her diagram in the shrubs with the outsider. We will compose a custom exposition test on Section Five Chapter VII or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Sooner or later, he mixed down the bank towards them. â⬠M thirsty,ââ¬â¢ he whimpered. ââ¬ËRobbie, escape it!ââ¬â¢ shouted Krystal. ââ¬ËGo anââ¬â¢ sit on the bench!ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËWanna drink!ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËFuckinââ¬â¢ â⬠go anââ¬â¢ waiââ¬â¢ by the seat, anââ¬â¢ Iââ¬â¢ll gerra drink in a moment! Go ââ¬Ëway, Robbie!ââ¬â¢ Crying, he moved back up the dangerous bank to the seat. He was familiar with not being given what he needed, and defiant by propensity, in light of the fact that adults were subjective in their rage and their principles, so he had figured out how to hold onto his small joys any place and at whatever point he could. Irate at Krystal, he meandered a little route from the seat along the street. A man in shades was strolling along the asphalt towards him. (Gavin had overlooked where he had left the vehicle. He had walked out of Maryââ¬â¢s and strolled straight down Church Row, just understanding that he was going off course when he drew level with Miles and Samanthaââ¬â¢s house. Not having any desire to pass the Fairbrothersââ¬â¢ once more, he had returned a winding course to the extension. He saw the kid, chocolate-recolored, sick kempt and unappealing, and strolled past, with his satisfaction shredded, half wishing that he could have gone to Kayââ¬â¢s house and been quietly supported â⬠¦ she had consistently been most pleasant to him when he was hopeless, it was what had pulled in him to her in any case.) The surging of the waterway expanded Robbieââ¬â¢s thirst. He cried more as he altered course and headed away from the extension, back past where Krystal was covered up. The hedges had begun shaking. He strolled on, needing a beverage, at that point saw a gap in a long fence on the left of the street. At the point when he drew level, he recognized a playing field past. Robbie wriggled through the gap and mulled over the wide green space with its spreading chestnut tree and goal lines. Robbie recognized what they were, on the grounds that his cousin Dane had told him the best way to kick a football at the play park. He had never observed so much greenness. A lady came striding over the field, with her arms collapsed and her head bowed. (Samantha had been strolling aimlessly, strolling and strolling, anyplace as long as it was not even close to Church Row. She had been asking herself numerous inquiries and concocting not many answers; and one of the inquiries she posed to herself was whether she probably won't have gone excessively far in educating Miles regarding that idiotic, inebriated letter, which she had conveyed of disdain, and which appeared to be significantly less smart now â⬠¦ She looked up and her eyes met Robbieââ¬â¢s. Youngsters frequently wriggled through the opening in the fence to play in the field at ends of the week. Her own young ladies had done it when they were more youthful. She moved over the door and got some distance from the waterway towards the Square. Self-appall clung to her, regardless of how diligently she attempted to beat it.) Robbie revisited the gap in the support and strolled a little path along the street after the striding woman, however she was before long far out. The half-bundle of remaining Rolos were dissolving in his grasp, and he would not like to put them down, however he was so parched. Possibly Krystal had wrapped up. He meandered back the other way. At the point when he arrived at the main fix of shrubberies on the bank, he saw that they were not moving, so he thought it was okay to approach. ââ¬ËKrystal,ââ¬â¢ he said. Be that as it may, the shrubs were vacant. Krystal was gone. Robbie began to cry and yell for Krystal. He climbed back up the bank and turned fiercely upward and not far off, yet there was no indication of her. ââ¬ËKrystal!ââ¬â¢ he shouted. A lady with short silver hair looked at him, scowling, as she jogged energetically along the contrary asphalt. Shirley had left Lexie at the Copper Kettle, where she appeared to be cheerful, however a short route over the Square she had gotten a brief look at Samantha, who was the absolute last individual she needed to meet, so she had taken off the other way. The boyââ¬â¢s cries and screeches reverberated behind her as she rushed along. Shirleyââ¬â¢s clench hand was grasped firmly around the EpiPen in her pocket. She would not be a messy joke. She needed to be unadulterated and felt sorry for, similar to Mary Fairbrother. Her fierceness was so tremendous, so risky, that she was unable to think rationally: she needed to act, to rebuff, to wrap up. Not long before the old stone extension, a fix of hedges shuddered to Shirleyââ¬â¢s left. She looked down and got a sickening look at something corrupt and wretched, and it drove her on. The most effective method to refer to Part Five Chapter VII, Essay models Section Five Chapter VII Free Essays VII ââ¬ËFuckinââ¬â¢ shurrup, Robbie! Shurrup!ââ¬â¢ Krystal had hauled Robbie to a bus station a few lanes away, with the goal that neither Obbo nor Terri could discover them. She didn't know she had enough cash for the toll, however she was resolved to get to Pagford. Nana Cath was gone, Mr Fairbrother was gone, however Fats Wall was there, and she expected to make an infant. We will compose a custom exposition test on Section Five Chapter VII or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now ââ¬ËWhy wuz ââ¬Ëe in the stay with yeh?ââ¬â¢ Krystal yelled at Robbie, who grizzled and didn't reply. There was just a small measure of battery power left on Terriââ¬â¢s cell phone. Krystal called Fatsââ¬â¢ number, however it went to phone message. In Church Row, Fats was occupied with eating toast and tuning in to his folks having one of their natural, odd discussions in the investigation over the corridor. It was a much needed diversion from his own musings. The versatile in his pocket vibrated however he didn't answer it. There was no one he needed to converse with. It would not be Andrew. Not after the previous evening. ââ¬ËColin, you realize what youââ¬â¢re expected to do,ââ¬â¢ his mom was stating. She sounded depleted. ââ¬ËPlease, Colin â⬠ââ¬Ë ââ¬ËWe ate with them on Saturday night. The prior night he kicked the bucket. I cooked. What if â⬠ââ¬Ë ââ¬ËColin, you didnââ¬â¢t put anything in the food â⬠for Godââ¬â¢s purpose, presently Iââ¬â¢m doing it â⬠Iââ¬â¢m shouldn't do this, Colin, you know Iââ¬â¢m shouldn't get into it. This is your OCD talking.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËBut I mightââ¬â¢ve, Tess, I abruptly thought, imagine a scenario in which I put something â⬠ââ¬Ë. ââ¬ËThen for what reason would we say we are alive, you, me and Mary? They did an after death, Colin!ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËNobody disclosed to us the subtleties. Mary never let us know. I think thatââ¬â¢s why she doesnââ¬â¢t need to converse with me any more. She suspects.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËColin, for Christââ¬â¢s purpose â⬠ââ¬Ë Tessaââ¬â¢s voice turned into a critical murmur, too calm to even think about hearing. Fatsââ¬â¢ versatile vibrated once more. He hauled it out of his pocket. Krystalââ¬â¢s number. He replied. ââ¬ËHiya,ââ¬â¢ said Krystal, over what seemed like a child yelling. ââ¬ËDââ¬â¢you wanna meet up?ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËDunno,ââ¬â¢ yawned Fats. He had been aiming to hit the hay. ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢m cominââ¬â¢ into Pagford on the transport. We could snare up.ââ¬â¢ The previous evening he had squeezed Gaia Bawden into the railings outside the town lobby, until she had pulled away from him and hurled. At that point she had begun to scold him once more, so he had left her there and strolled home. ââ¬ËI dunno,ââ¬â¢ he said. He felt so drained, so hopeless. ââ¬ËGo on,ââ¬â¢ she said. From the examination, he heard Colin. ââ¬ËYou state that, yet would it appear? Consider the possibility that I â⬠ââ¬Ë. ââ¬ËColin, we shouldnââ¬â¢t be going into this â⬠youââ¬â¢re shouldn't take these thoughts seriously.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËHow would you be able to express that to me? By what method can I not pay attention to it? On the off chance that Iââ¬â¢m capable â⬠ââ¬Ë ââ¬ËYeah, all right,ââ¬â¢ said Fats to Krystal. ââ¬ËIââ¬â¢ll meet you in twenty, front of the bar in the Square.ââ¬â¢ Instructions to refer to Part Five Chapter VII, Essay models summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-71957820919797445562020-08-22T07:27:00.001-07:002020-08-22T07:27:22.126-07:00Best Time to Send Email Backed By 14 Data-Driven StudiesBest Time to Send Email Backed By 14 Data-Driven Studies You probablyâ found this postâ after glancing through a few others looking for a genuine response to the inquiry, When is the best time to send email? I state it that way since loads of sources outâ there give a similar answer: It depends. Also, that answer isnt especiallyâ helpful. Soâ read guaranteed, youre going to discover the data you need in this post. Furthermore, youll additionally get significantly more. The motivation behind why you need to realize the best occasions to send email-or the greatest days-is that you eventually need more opens and more clickthroughs to get more traffic to your blog. What's more, you need the entirety of that in light of the fact that your email list is your most steadfast crowd wholl share your substance once they read it, which makes the snowball impact of more traffic, more endorsers, and more client changes. Could you getâ all of that byâ sending your messages at the best time? Its a decent spot to begin, so read this post to learn: The greatest day to send email. The best time to send email. How toâ really know when your best time to send email is. The most effective method to get more opens with overly convincing headlines. The most effective method to get more snaps with far superior messages and invitations to take action. Lets initiate with the learnin. What 14 Studies Say About The Best Time To Send #EmailSnag Your Free Guide to Finding Email Sending Times + Email Calendar Bundle Along these lines, this post is stuffed with investigate discoveries on the best occasions. In any case, similarly as with most things, what works best may shift among organizations and businesses. In light of that, how would you set the best timetable for your own bulletins? Start with the curated investigate in this post. At that point, decide your own best occasions with this guide. At the point when its opportunity to begin planning messages, utilize the reward schedule layout included, as well. Download it now and youll be en route to progress. Timetable Every Email at the Best Time With The most ideal approach to plan email is with an advertising stage worked to get your group sorted out. Furnished with all-new email combinations, that stage is . With Email Marketing from , you can: Flawlessly coordinate with your *favorite* email showcasing stage. You as of now have a kick-a$$ email stage you know and love, so why surrender it? With Email Marketing, you can without much of a stretch interface your favored email stage to with only two or three ticks. Compose click-commendable email subject lines...every time.à With Email Marketing, you can utilize ââ¬â¢s *exclusive* Email Subject Line Tester to streamline and consummate each title to drive moreâ opens, moreâ clicks, and more transformations. Get full perceivability into your ENTIREà marketing procedure. State ââ¬Å"buh-byeâ⬠to disconnected advertising content (and continually hopping from screen to screen). With Email Marketing, itââ¬â¢s simple to perceive how your email battles identify with the remainder of your showcasing methodology and rapidly make changes if important. With Email Marketing, you can without much of a stretch interface your favored email stage (MailChimp, Campaign Monitor, Constant Contact, and ActiveCampaign) to with only two or three ticks. Perceive how it functions here. Or on the other hand, in case you're prepared to attempt it yourself, catch a free preliminary. The Email Marketing Studies What's very cool about this example of articles is that the exploration changes from considering billions (indeed, truly) of messages to in excess of 20 million, from contextual analyses toâ roundups. The information is assorted, yet there are spots to interface that will assist you with sending emailsâ on the greatest days and at the best occasions. Here are the examinations: MailChimp's experiences for send time streamlining. Customer.io's examination on greatest day to send messages. GetResponse's exploration on the greatest day to send email. WordStream's exploration on the absolute best time to send email bulletins. GetResponse's exploration on the greatest days to send email pamphlets. Experian'sâ email showcasing benchmark. CampaignMonitor's exploration on the best time to send email crusades. GetResponse's gathering of the best time and day to send email. HubSpot's best time to send a business email report. MailerMailer's reportâ on email promoting measurements. CNBC's discoveries from a meeting with MailChimp's own John Foreman. SendInBlue's industry-explicit research. General tips and counsel from Constant Contact. Unique discoveries from curated information by Propeller. Also, here's the investigation: 1. What Is The Best Day To Send Email? As indicated by these investigations, organize your send days in a specific order: Tuesday:à This is pass on the #1 greatest day to send emailsâ according to most of the information from these investigations. Thursday: If you send two messages per week, pick Thursday for your subsequent day. Wednesday: While no single investigation demonstrated that Wednesday was the most well known, it came in runner up a few times. I'll take note of: Some of the investigations referenced high opens and clickthrough rates on Saturdays and Sundays. All things considered, those are additionally the days when the least messages are sent. So while the open rates might be higher when all is said in done, the real number of messages opened is way lower. Only one out of every odd investigation had visual portrayals of the dataâ in them, yet you'll see it intriguing to see the closeness among the diagrams that were available. It's noteworthyâ that most movement occurs during the center of the week withâ only minor exceptions. Here's that information: GetResponse foundâ the top inbox movement occurs on Thursdays. The second most noteworthy pinnacle was on Wednesdays. MailChimp likewise discovered high open rates on Thursdays, with a second top on Tuesdays. Further information from MailChimp and Wordstream proposes thatà Thursday and Tuesday are the greatest days to send messages. Tuesdays get the most messages opened contrasted with some other day of the week however Saturdays may likewise be a decent day to send email for its high open rate, as indicated by information from Experian and examined by Customer.io. HubSpot found that Tuesday is the greatest day to send email, followed with a tie for Monday and Wednesday. MailerMailer discovered Tuesdaysâ win for opens, with Wednesday coming in at a nearby second. For clicks, Sundays win, with Tuesday coming in runner up. Note that since Sunday hasâ lowerâ opens, it's probable simpler to get that high of a clickthrough rate. Information from Dan Zarella and gave through GetResponse recommends sending messages on Saturday and Sunday and that it's best for the two ticks and opens. 2. When Is The Best Time To Send Email? While a large number of the examinations discovered differing results, here is the means by which you can organize your send times dependent on information: 10 a.m.: While late-morningâ send times were the most mainstream when all is said in done, a few finished up thatâ the best time to send messages is at 10 a.m. Anotherâ notable timeâ isâ 11 a.m. 8 p.m.- 12 PM: I wager you didn't anticipate that one. It would seem that messages by and large get more opens and snaps later at night. As Campaign Monitor takes note of, this is likelyâ due to individuals browsing their email before hitting the sack. 2 p.m.:à It appears as though you may be fruitful by sending your messages later in the day as individuals are settling up with work mode or searching for interruptions. 6 a.m.: I surmise this bodes well since half of you start your day by messaging in bed. Before you even stand up, you're opening messages. Hello. Note: A ton of these articles referenced time zones. The large takeaway is to pick the time zone forâ the dominant part of your crowd. In case you're in the U.S., that is likely Eastern Time sinceâ that time zone covers half of the populace. In case you're a neighborhood company,â send at these occasions time permitting zone. Investigate the similitudes in these diagrams for significantly more detail on the examination. Morning between 9ââ¬11 a.m. is certainly the best time to send email as indicated by Campaign Monitor's exploration. It would appear that there is a top at 10 a.m. Battle Monitorâ sums it up by saying that 53% of messages are opened during the workday between 9 a.m.ââ¬5 p.m. MailChimp affirms with Campaign Monitor that sending emailsâ later in the first part of the day between 10 a.m.ââ¬noon will get you the most opens.à It seems as though the best time to send email is at 10 a.m. Shockingly, extraordinary research from MailChimp and broke down by Wordstream proposes there may likewise be a top for opens toward the evening. Wordstream saysâ 2 p.m. is likewise a pinnacle time to send email. Information from Experian and refered to through Customer.io suggestsâ a comparable way to deal with Wordstream's examination to send messages later in the day. Customer.io found that email opens are most elevated from 8 p.m.ââ¬midnight, with a second top between 4ââ¬8 p.m. Customer.io recommends that while it's a typical practice to checkâ email in the mornings, the vast majority are simply starting their day and may probably maintain a strategic distance from email showcasing for profitability. HubSpot looked into open occasions to discover late morning will in general get the most opens. Send messages at 11 a.m. for the best outcomes. Information from MailerMailer likewise proposes that sending messages in the late daytime during work hours gets the best level of opens. Send your messages at 10 a.m. Dan Zarella's examination, as investigated by GetResponse, recommends 6 a.m. is a pinnacle time to send messages, trailed by late at night from 8 p.m.ââ¬midnight. 3. The Controversy Behindà What You Just Read All of the examinations this post dissects referenced somehow or another that the best timesâ to send messages depends onâ your own crowd. Here's an essential statement from Megan at Wordstream: That is the counsel. Presently overlook it. On the off chance that that is valid, at that point for what reason do such a large number of studies offer similarâ information that suggestsâ sending messages on Tuesdays at 10 a.m.â will be the best? Moreover, there might be contrasts between various organizations with various crowds. Here's a correlation diagram of four unique verticals from SendInBlue: In any case, it makes sense to utilize nowadays and times to begin a summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-67320502057488089662020-08-16T09:00:00.001-07:002020-08-16T09:00:03.715-07:00My Application StoryMy Application Story I have an interesting MIT âstory.â It wasnt my first choice school until very, very late in the game. I first started researching colleges to build my list in August of my senior year. We had done the campus visitsâ"the Eastern seaboard trip to hit the Ivies, the midwest trip to hit the Chicago and St Louis schools. Nothing really stood out to me until did more research on the University of Chicago. They are weird. Really weird. I liked it a lot because it stood out in its rejection of the stuffiness and pretension of the Ivy culture. Plus, I was confident I could get in, so I decided to apply early action. My dad went to MIT for undergrad school and was convinced that I should seriously consider applying, and hopefully attending, the institution. To me, at that point, there was nothing wrong with MIT. It was just my dads school, and he was pressuring me, so naturally I resisted his influence. I agreed to apply early action here, too, since thankfully both schools have non-binding EA policies. I put off the MIT application until the very last minute, and I tried to rehash as much of my Chicago essays as possible. But man, did I perfect the UC application. I relished their Uncommon Application, which is now, ruefully, a bit more Common. My essays were perfect. I knew I would get in. I was almost certain that I would get rejected from MIT, and I let my dad know. âYou should have more confidence!â âWell, they should accept more than 13% of their applicants then, thank you very much.â I got accepted into the University of Chicago early action, and life was set for me. Two days later, I was deferred by MITâ"no big deal, wasnt even considering it. I sent my deposit and housing application to Chicago within the month of December. Except then I got into MIT in March. This complicated matters considerably. It was family meeting time, and I realized how brash my decision was. My dad didnt force me to go to MIT, dont get me wrong. He just had me reconsider. So I did. I compared lots of things, made a checklist. We visited both universities, again. The schools were pretty much tied in terms of campus culture and workload. I want to major in economics on a pre-med track, and the schools econ departments are regarded highly enough that there wasnt a significant difference. So another tie there. In retrospect, I dont know why I was so gung-ho about Chicago. Every quality of that school is duplicated at MIT, from the sense of humor to the academic rigor and prestige. It may have been the pure oddity of the application. A coinflip would have been a worthy judge. At this point I went to my teachers and counselors to find an unbiased opinion. I learned that MIT has an acceptance rate to medical school one and a half times that of Chicago. Looking over the course requirements, it became clear that Chicago is a liberal arts school with a strong science department, while MIT is a science school with a strong liberal arts department. I liked the MI T approach better. And I guess in the end, its pretty cool that Im going to the same place as my dad. I have the chance to room in the same dorm, as well. In the end, Im extremely pleased with my decision, and Chicago was very nice about my rescinding the decision. They even gave me a refund on the deposit. Slightly over a month of classes later, and Im completely satisfied with my decision. Ive never felt out of place here, which was my main concern. Ive found quite a few organizations where I fit in and can talk about my interests with like-minded people. I thought I would be surrounded by geeks and nerds all the time, but I was really surprised by how normal most people are. Of course, there are some wunderkinds, and sometimes I feel woefully average, but thats a nice ego-deflater coming out of the top rankings of my high school. Nothing to get depressed over, really. I guess its clear that this is not the typical MIT application story. From what Ive read/heard, everyone has been living and breathing it since freshman year of high school. Is it ironic or fitting that I, a legacy admit, wasnt enamored until two months before the May response deadline? Any current students want to weigh in on their stories? summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-36953814136750717902020-05-24T04:58:00.001-07:002020-05-24T04:58:02.393-07:00Russia Is Wrought With Inconsistencies And Discord The history of Russia is wrought with inconsistencies and discord. Flawed with unjust social constructs and plagued constantly by the dichotomous relationship between authority and the people, Russia, since itââ¬â¢s upbringing, had always been one step behind itââ¬â¢s eastern neighbors. And in this rat race to stand among the Europeans, the identity and essence of Russia was always in a state of question. As a result, Russia was constantly struggling to find itââ¬â¢s place within a global narrative. It was Russian philosopher Petr Chaadaev, who in 1829, wrote, ââ¬Å"We do not belong to any of the great families of the human race. We are neither of the West nor of the East, and we have the traditions of neither.â⬠It is a wonder that Chaadaev, in the years of such turbulent changes, was able to identify such metaphysical traits of the nation. But while Chaadaev highlights the indisputable ââ¬Å"sui generis nature of Russia in context with the European nations, perhaps it was too presumptuous to say that this uniqueness resulted in the lack of culture and tradition from both East and West. As the three momentous periods of Russia, the formation, the imperial, and the formation of the soviet, may suggest, rather than a nation outside of East or West, Russia is an amalgamation of elements from both, existing between the dichotomous East and West. Russia before the ââ¬Å"Russiansâ⬠was a complex mix of people and culture. To the knowledge of historians, the lands were mostly comprised of disjointed clans summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-70428118325049680642020-05-13T06:59:00.001-07:002020-05-13T06:59:03.817-07:00Ludwig Van Beethoven - 945 Words Ludwig van Beethoven Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770 to Johann van Beethoven and his wife, Maria Magdalena. He took his first music lessons from his father, who was tenor in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne. His father was an unstable, yet ambitious man whose excessive drinking, rough temper and anxiety surprisingly did not diminish Beethoven s love for music. He studied and performed with great success, despite becoming the breadwinner of his household by the time he was 18 years old. His father s increasingly serious alcohol problem and the earlier death of his grandfather in 1773 sent his family into deepening poverty. At first, Beethoven made little impact on the musical society, despite his father sâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦His works of the decade from 1802 to 1812 represent an expansion of the tighter forms of Haydn and Mozart, as is apparent in the Eroica Symphony and the Piano Concerto no. 5 (Emperor, 1809), as well as in Symphony no. 5 (1808). The few works of the years after 1812 revived and expanded the more relaxed musical structures Beethoven had employed in the 1790s. In 1818 he returned to the tightly structured heroic style in his Piano Sonata in B-flat Major op. 106 (Hammerklavier), a work of unprecedented length and difficulty. The works of Beethoven s last period are marked by an individuality that later composers would admire but could scarcely emulate. In the Ninth Symphony and the Missa solemnis Beethoven gave expression to an all-embracing view of idealized humanity. In the five string quartets of 1824 to 1826, Beethoven achieved an ideal synthesis between popular and learn ed styles and between the humorous and the sublime. Judged inaccessible in their time, the string quartets have become- as have so much of Beethoven s output- yardsticks against which all other musical achievements areShow MoreRelated Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay1285 Words à |à 6 Pages German composer and pianist, Ludwig van Beethoven, was born December 1770 and spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria. His first teacher was his alcoholic father, who worked as a musician at the Court of Bonn. Teaching him day and night, Ludwig suffered from his fathers harsh and erratic behavior. For a time, he and his father played at the Church. As his fathers alcoholism increased, Ludwig became the main musician. Beethovens talents were discovered at an early age, and he was sentRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven900 Words à |à 4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven All throughout music history lived many composers that have impacted not only the societies in which they have lived in, but modern-day society as well. These particular composers have given many societies the chance to listen, feel and express themselves through music and instruments that were invented centuries ago that still remain essential components of music today. One example of a composer that changed the music world drastically was a man by the name of Ludwig van BeethovenRead MoreThe Talent Of Beethoven By Ludwig Van Beethoven1331 Words à |à 6 PagesMany of my family members along with some family friends suffer from an extreme lack of hearing just like one of the greatest composers of all time, Ludwig van Beethoven. However, my family members and family friends are not musicians. 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I did not want to go to music school, but they wanted me just to try. In first class we were just listening classical music and it really sounded boring. But when Beethovenââ¬â¢s fifth symphony came on, I fell in love with classical music and I wanted to study it even more. My sister was also in musical school and she played piano and when I came back from school, I was begging her to play me some of Beethovenââ¬â¢s piecesRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words à |à 7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. In this essay I will be explaining Ludwigs YouthRead MoreThe Rise Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1458 Words à |à 6 PagesThe rise of Ludwig van Beethoven into the ranks of history s greatest composers was paralleled by and in some ways a consequence of his own personal tragedy and despair. Beginning in the late 1790 s, the increasing buzzing and humming in his ears sent Beethoven into a panic, searching for a cure from doctor to doctor. By October 1802 he had written the Heiligenstadt Testament confessing the certainty of his growing deafness, his consequent despair, and suicidal considerations. Yet, despiteRead MoreLudwig van Beethoven Essay952 Words à |à 4 Pagesmusic period. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the composers, along with other greats of the time like Haydn and Mozart, which helped to create a new type of music. This new music had full rich sounds created by the new construction of the symphony orchestra. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play theRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words à |à 7 Pagesexpressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethovenââ¬â¢s compositions were the expression as one of the most powerful musical personalities. Although Beethoven was influenced by most of the famous composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc. but he was also innovated new techniques that will be seen in the next music period. Beethoven built a musical bridgeRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1701 Words à |à 7 Pages Ludwig van Beethoven Music has been around a long time and is a big part of Americaââ¬â¢s history. There are many styles of music such as, Rap, RB, Jazz, Classical, Oldies and so on. There has been many great composers throughout the years, these people are legends that will stand for ever such as, Beethoven, George Frideric Handel, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The one artist that Iââ¬â¢m going to write about in this paper is the one and only Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was a deaf German summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-71876459923198774742020-05-06T13:32:00.001-07:002020-05-06T13:32:52.507-07:00Color blindness affects Free Essays Color blindness affects a significant number of people, although exact proportions vary among groups. In Australia, for example, it occurs in about 8 percent of males and only about 0. 4 percent of females. We will write a custom essay sample on Color blindness affects or any similar topic only for you Order Now Isolated communities with a restricted gene pool sometimes produce high proportions of color blindness, including the less usual types. Examples include rural Finland, Hungary, and some of the Scottish islands. In the United States, about 7 percent of the male populationâ⬠or about 10. 5 million men â⬠and 0. 4 percent of the female population either cannot distinguish red from green, r see red and green differently from how others do (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 2006). More than 95 percent of all variations in human color vision involve the red and green receptors in male eyes. It is very rare for males or females to be ââ¬Å"blindâ⬠to the blue end of the spectrum. About 8 percent of males, but only 0. percent of females, are color blind in some way or another, whether it is one color, a color combination, or another mutation DESTRUCTION 2004 TSUNAMI CAUSED IN INDIA Tamil Nadu The state of Tamil Nadu has been the worst affected on the mainland, with a death toll of 7,793. Nagapattinam district has had 5,525 casualties, with entire villages having been destroyed. Kanyakumari district has had 808 deaths, Cuddalore district 599, the state capital Chennai 206 and Kancheepur am district 124. The death tolls in other districts were Pudukkottai (1 5), Ramanathapuram (6), Tirunelveli (4), Thoothukudi (3), Tiruvallur (28), ThanJavur (22), Tiruvarur (10) and Viluppuram (47). Those killed in Kanyakumari include pilgrims taking a holy dip in the sea. Of about 700 people trapped at the Vivekananda Rock Memorial off Kanyakumari, 650 were rescued. In Chennai, people playing on the Marina beach and those who taking a Sunday morning stroll were washed away, in addition to the fisher folk who lived along the shore and those out at sea. The death toll at Velankanni in Nagapattinam district is currently 1,500. Most of these people were visiting the Basilica of the Virgin Mary for Christmas, while others were residents of the town. The nuclear power station at Kalpakkam was shut down after sea water rushed into a pump station. No radiation leak or damage to the reactor was reported Pondicherry An estimated 30,000 people are homeless in the Union territory of Pondicherry. The current official toll is 560. The affected districts are Pondicherry (107 dead), Kariakal (453 dead). Kariakal is the most devastated area from the Pondicherry Union territory. Where massive destruction and loss of causalities accure. This mishap occur because of uncover stone block. Mostly fisher folk are affected due to location and distance between sea and their basti (village). Fishing peoples are Just preparing for venturing into sea and within fraction of seconds everything wash away and their boats are damaged they lost everything in terms of life and property. More than 453 people are died so far and still some are missing. Kerala The current official toll is 168. The affected districts are Kollam (131 dead), Alappuzha (32 dead), Ernakulum (5 dead). The tsunami that hit the Kerala coast on December , were three to tlve metres high ,according to the National Institute ot Disaster Management,(NlDM) which functions under the ministry of home affairs. The Tidal upsurge had affected 250 kilometers of the Kerala coastline and entered between one or two kilometers inland. Pounded 187 villages affecting 24. 70 lakh persons in the state . As many as 6,280 dwelling units were destroyed. As many as 84,773 persons wee evacuated from the coastal areas and accommodated How to cite Color blindness affects, Papers summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-82808676949413900232020-05-04T07:35:00.001-07:002020-05-04T07:35:03.134-07:00Mind Body Wellness for Mental Wellbeing -myassignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theMind Body Wellness for Mental Wellbeing. Answer: Introduction: The impact of a disease on the overall wellbeing of the patient has been a highly researched and explored area of concern among the medical scientists. The impact of chronic diseases has been established to not only affect the physical state of the patient, but also have a profound impact on the emotional or spiritual health and wellbeing. According to D'Silva et al. (2012), the patients dealing with a particular chronic illness have to suffer through the process of adjusting their lifestyles, aspirations and even employment in order to cope with the restrictions caused by the different chronic illnesses. This assignment will focus on three adverse health conditions, chronic pain, morbid obesity, and dementia and will discuss their impact on the mental and spiritual wellness of the patient. The assignment will conclude with applicable mind-body therapy that can help the patients overcome the negative impact of these health adversities on physical, emotional and mental wellbeing of th e patient. Physical, emotional and mental wellbeing: According to the ancient cultural concepts, the understanding of health is not just limited to the physical manifestation of a disease. Rather, the cultural or ethnic understanding of health presents a more elaborative idea of health. According to the Ventola (2010), the construct of good health is comprised of body, mind and spirit. Each of the three elements contributes to the health or wellbeing of and individual. Integrative medicine and health psychology has now recognized the influence of the spiritual, mental and emotional state of the patients on the overall health and recovery. Considering from the point of view of human psychology, the overall construct health of a particular patient is affected by the trickle-down effect, the physical body is affected by the emotional distress. On the other hand, the cognitive health of an individual directs the thought, and the energy levels or spirit sways the thought process. When a patient is burdened by any chronic illness, there is a detrimental impact on the emotional and mental state of the different individual and along with the spiritual health of the patient is also affected. Hence, as a result of the trickle-down effect, the physical health and recovery potential of the patient is also deteriorated (Santos et al. 2015). Chronic pain: Impact on physical, emotional and mental health: The first chosen health adversity is chronic pain, which has been proved to have a marked impact on the psychological and emotional health of the different individuals. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that chronic pain has a unique pathology. According to Mller et al. (2017), this kind of pain facilitates alterations throughout the nervous system of the patient, which in most cases, worsens over time. Chronic pain has distinct psychological and cognitive correlates; it represents a severe and separate disease entity on itself. Hence, it can be mentioned that chronic pain affects each and every aspect of human life, including psychology, spirituality and emotions. Chronic pain can be caused by various different health disorders; it can be traumatic or can be due to health conditions like cancer, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and many other concerns. According to Simons, Elman and Borsook (2014), the understanding of chronic pain involves complex brain circuits including sensory, emotional, cognitive, and interoceptive processing. Hence the impact of chronic pain is high on the emotional and mental wellbeing of the patient as well. There is a distinct link between the construct of chronic pain and depression. It has to be understood in this context that the increasing intensity of pain in the patients there is loss of functional ability. The sense of helplessness and anxiety, coupled with the consequential loss of function, can together manifest into pain catastrophising. This concept leads to immense psychological and emotional burden on the patient and prolonged exposure to pain catastrophisng can lead to severe psychotic disorders, af fecting the behavioral pattern and spirits of the patients (Linton and Shaw 2011). Mind-body therapy: In order to cope with the biopsychosocial impact of the chronic pain, there is need for mind-body based therapeutic intervention along with pharmacological or medical care plan. Mind-body based therapies act on the mental and emotional state of the patient and hence help in decreasing the biopsychosocial impact of chronic pain. The mind-body approach that can be applied to this condition is meditation. Meditation related pain relief is a very common and frequently used technique for nonpharmacological pain management. According to Hassed (2013), this mindfulness based therapy targets the cognitive modulation of chronic pain. As a result this therapeutic intervention can alter the subjective experience felt by the patient suffering from chronic pain. This mind-body therapeutic intervention is generally employed in conjunction with pharmacological intervention. However, it can be used alone as a complementary intervention as well. However, it has to be mentioned that this mind-body based intervention is associated with just overcoming the psychological interpretation of pain. This mind-body based intervention does not actually cure the pain. In certain cases, the patients depend on the alternative mind-body based therapies excessively and expect miraculous results. The impact of the mind-body based therapies is limited, and hence, on their own they cannot cure the pain. Hence this therapeutic intervention cannot be used as a long term solution (Kerns, Sellinger and Goodin 2011). Morbid obesity: Impact on physical, emotional and mental health: Another health concern that has a significant impact on the mental and emotional wellbeing along with physical health is the morbid obesity. There are various factors associated with morbid obesity and it is considered to be the facilitator for other related diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and renal disorders. Hence, the impact of morbid obesity is also extremely high on the psychosocial aspects of life. First and foremost, obesity is associated with altered body image which has a significant impact on the emotional and mental health of the patient. Along with that, the altered body image also contributes effectively to the bullying, discrimination and social isolation. According to Agrawal et al. (2015), the impact of these psychosocial factors has a significant role in deteriorating the emotional and spiritual health of the patient. Hence, a vast majority of the obese patients have been reported to be going through different psychotic disorders, especially depressi on. Furthermore, obesity management is associated with many lifestyle restrictions; the helplessness and inability to revert to old lifestyle can also trigger behavioral disorders and depression in the morbidly obese patients. Hence, mind-body based therapeutic interventions are employed in the most cases as complementary therapies. Mind-body therapy: The mind-body based intervention that can be employed in this scenario is the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which can help in the patient accepting their condition with positivity and optimism and work towards targeted weight loss. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps is the client understanding the impact of obesity and how to overcome it with achievable goal setting helps in generating the essential behavioral and thinking style change. In cognitive behavioral therapy, the therapists emphasizes on the maladaptive thoughts and behavior leading to different unhealthy lifestyle habits, so that they can identify it and take reasonable actions or initiatives to change them. However, the use of this mind-body based intervention has a few limitations as well. It has to be mentioned that this therapeutic intervention can only work as an allied care program, it will not target the root cause of the obesity will not take any direct action reducing the obesity. Along with that, as mentioned by Santos et al. (2015), the success of the CBT depends entirely upon the commitment of the client to the therapy, without honest efforts and complete co-operation from the client; this therapy will not be beneficial. Moreover, for the patients with complex mental health needs, the use of CBT will not be sufficient, owing to its complex structured nature (D'Silva et al. 2012). Dementia: Impact on physical, emotional and mental health: Dementia can be considered as one of the key degenerative disorders that disrupts the quality of life among the elderly populations. The impact of dementia is associated with the practical effects of the condition. Even the diagnosis of dementia has a huge impact on the social and personal life of the patient. It has to be mentioned that dementia alters the living experience of the patient by altering their ability to feel, think and respond properly. Along with that, it has to be mentioned that the restrictions posed by the disease social isolation, depression and even self imposed isolation (Lawrence et al. 2012). Mind-body therapy: The use for mindfulness based cognitive therapy can be applied as a complementary therapy for patients struggling with dementia (Vasse et al. 2012). This alternative mindfulness based approach integrates the concepts of mindfulness based meditation and cognitive behavioral therapy. It helps the dementia patients to change the manner that they feel about their experiences and the struggles, by instilling thoughts of positivity and optimism. According to Boersma et al. (2015), this therapeutic intervention helps in enhancing their ability to pay attention to their thoughts and feelings and helps them pay attention to formulate well articulated response to the issues that they face. However, the only flaw in this therapeutic intervention is the lack of direct result on the direct manifestations of the disease; the therapeutic intervention does nothing to slow down the progress of the disease as well. As argued by Wang et al. (2012), on the other hand, the mindfulness based cognitive therapies have a complex structured nature as well, which can be a stressful burden on the patients with severe dementia or co-occurring disorders. Conclusion: The patients that are dealing with a chronic illness grieve regarding their predicaments before they can try to adjust to it. In many cases the overwhelming grief has a profound detrimental effect on the emotional and mental health of the patients. In many cases, the patients have been reported to develop different mental and behavioral disorders as a result of the unattended grief. Hence, it is very important for the health professional to design a care plan that is integrative of the emotional and mental wellbeing as well, instead of just focusing on the physical health or wellbeing of the patients. Hence, the need for mind-body based interventions is crucial. This article has illustrated three different health adversities and their impact on mind-body health and wellbeing, followed by mind-body based interventions targeted for each adversity with critically reviewing the benefits and possible limitations. References: Agrawal, P., Gupta, K., Mishra, V. and Agrawal, S., 2015. The psychosocial factors related to obesity: a study among overweight, obese, and morbidly obese women in India.Women health,55(6), pp.623-645. Boersma, P., van Weert, J.C., Lakerveld, J. and Dres, R.M., 2015. The art of successful implementation of psychosocial interventions in residential dementia care: a systematic review of the literature based on the RE-AIM framework.International psychogeriatrics,27(1), pp.19-35. D'Silva, S., Poscablo, C., Habousha, R., Kogan, M. and Kligler, B., 2012. Mind-body medicine therapies for a range of depression severity: a systematic review.Psychosomatics,53(5), pp.407-423. Hassed, C., 2013. Mind-body therapies: Use in chronic pain management.Australian family physician,42(3), p.112. Kerns, R.D., Sellinger, J. and Goodin, B.R., 2011. Psychological treatment of chronic pain.Annual review of clinical psychology,7, pp.411-434.. Linton, S.J. and Shaw, W.S., 2011. Impact of psychological factors in the experience of pain.Physical therapy,91(5), pp.700-711. Mller, R., Landmann, G., Bchir, M., Hinrichs, T., Arnet, U., Jordan, X. and Brinkhof, M.W., 2017. Chronic pain, depression and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury: Mediating role of participation.Journal of rehabilitation medicine,49(6), pp.489-496. Santos, T., de Matos, M.G., Simes, C. and Machado, M.D.C., 2015. Psychological well-being and chronic condition in Portuguese adolescents.International Journal of Adolescence and Youth,20(3), pp.334-345. Simons, L.E., Elman, I. and Borsook, D., 2014. Psychological processing in chronic pain: a neural systems approach.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,39, pp.61-78. Vasse, E., Vernooij?Dassen, M., Cantegreil, I., Franco, M., Dorenlot, P., Woods, B. and Moniz?Cook, E., 2012. Guidelines for psychosocial interventions in dementia care: a European survey and comparison.International journal of geriatric psychiatry,27(1), pp.40-48. Ventola, C.L., 2010. Current issues regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States: part 1: the widespread use of CAM and the need for better-informed health care professionals to provide patient counseling.Pharmacy and Therapeutics,35(8), p.461. Wang, H.X., Wahlberg, M., Karp, A., Winblad, B. and Fratiglioni, L., 2012. Psychosocial stress at work is associated with increased dementia risk in late life.Alzheimer's dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association,8(2), pp.114-120. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-12684403015991418852020-03-28T17:44:00.001-07:002020-03-28T17:44:02.554-07:00Dance Discourse Community Essay Essay ExampleDance: Discourse Community Essay Essay On May 13, 2016, was my last appearance dancing on stage performing in front of 550 people. I go back to this moment and realize, wow was I really in a discourse community this entire time of my high school career. A discourse community ââ¬Å"testifies to the increasingly common assumption that discourse operates within conventions defined by communities, be they academic disciplines or social groups.â⬠Weââ¬â¢re living in a society where possibilities are endless.Thereââ¬â¢s greatness in every individual; however, one must realize that greatness requires a lot of dedication, sacrifices, resilience, and perseverance. I successfully uphold my role in a discourse community of high school dance drill team. Having the opportunity to express my discourse community within these three essential qualities, gives you a great amount of essence to flow into my mindset of my discourse community and why it dominates me as a person. Dance has transformed me into a leader during my high school years to express a quality of overcoming obstacles of being an inexperienced dancer, advanced terminology and expanding my learning qualities. Have you ever been in a community, or didnââ¬â¢t know 100% sure if you were in a community and asked yourself do you really have the necessary tools to possess qualities in this community? Well these were the numerous of thoughts that were going through a maze in my brain as I joined my community.As a freshman in high school, I tried out for the Illusions Dance Team. It was an exciting time for me, I worked diligently so that I can be part of an extraordinary organization. Although, I worked hard daily, there were dancers who had extensive training, such as ballet and gymnastics. These students started training at the age of 5 years old. They had a tremendous amount of experience. I had no prior professional training. However, I was determined to perform well. On the dance team, I had the opportunity to become an officer. We will write a custom essay sample on Dance: Discourse Community Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dance: Discourse Community Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dance: Discourse Community Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-57276078846804935672020-03-07T04:37:00.001-08:002020-03-07T04:37:03.480-08:00AP Spanish Literature Figuras Retóricas EssaysAP Spanish Literature Figuras Retà ³ricas Essays AP Spanish Literature Figuras Retà ³ricas Paper AP Spanish Literature Figuras Retà ³ricas Paper Essay Topic: Literature aliteracià ³n Alliteration is a stylistic literary device identified by the repeated sound of the first consonant in a series of multiple words. Allen ate apples awkwardly. hipà ©rbole A hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a point. I literally died. metfora A metaphor is a figure of speech that identifies something as being the same as some unrelated thing for rhetorical effect, thus highlighting the similarities between the two. Freddie is a pig when he eats. onomatopeya the use of imitative and naturally suggestive words for rhetorical, dramatic, or poetic effect. Boo! personificacià ³n Personification is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals, objects or ideas. It is the opposite of a metaphor but is very similar. In the arts, personification means representing a non-human thing as if it were human. The fire ran wild. sà mil a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid Im as brave as a lion anfora Anaphora is the repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech. I have a dream that I have a dream that antà tesis Antithesis is used in writing or speech either as a proposition that contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect. Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind apà ³strofe an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person that is not present. Twinkle twinkle little star, how I wonder what you are, up above the world so high, like a diamond in the sky. circunlocucià ³n o perà frasis Circumlocution is a long, complicated word which means a long, complicated way of expressing something. To cut to the chase, circumlocution means to beat around the bush. The edge of a colossal jungle, so dark green as to be almost black, fringed with white surf, ran straight, like a ruled line, far, far away along a blue sea whose glitter was blurred by a creeping mist. The sun was fierce, the land seemed to glisten and drip with steam. elipsis enumeracià ³n An enumeration is a complete, ordered listing of all the items in a collection. Get eggs, rice, cheese, butter and milk please. eufemismo a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. Passed away in place of died gradacià ³n scale first ____ then ____ hipà ©rbaton an inversion of the normal order of words, especially for the sake of emphasis, as in the sentence. This I must see asà ndeton the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence. I came, I saw, I conquered. cacofonà a Refers to the use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results. Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves,an And the mome raths outgrabe. epà teto An adjective or phrase expressing a quality or attribute regarded as characteristic of the person or thing mentioned. Sailing across the wine-dark sea to men. metonimia A figure of speech in which a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated in meaning with that thing or concept Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. paradoja A paradox is a statement that apparently contradicts itself and yet might be true. I must be cruel to be kind. polisà ndeton he use of several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some could otherwise be omitted He ran and jumped and laughed for joy. sinà ©cdoque a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something, or vice versa. She organized her life around the little yellow ball. (tennis ball) sinestesia technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time. The word would fill her mind for a few minutes with a single color: not an unpleasant sensation but still an intrusion Patriarch: Brown, she thought, a temple of a word, a shiny red brown, like the surface of a chestnut. retruà ©cano A pun. The two pianists had a good marriage. They always were in a chord. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-19175322546576300062020-02-19T20:01:00.001-08:002020-02-19T20:01:02.234-08:00The impacts of events Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsThe impacts of events - Assignment Example Touristsââ¬â¢ focus then started to shift with the advancements in the event industry. As event planners came into the picture they realized that the tourism industry needed social events which lead to the event tourism industry (Lim & Lee, 2006). People usually travel to destinations for leisure and relaxation purposes but there are also people who travel to destinations for the purpose of business meetings, conferences, workshops and other similar social events. This movement of people has given rise to the event tourism industry (WTO, 1995). Events and tourism now go hand in hand, and so one without another seems incomplete. The perfect way to describe tourism would be to say that it takes a systematic planning process along with development and marketing of special events and festivals as tourist attractions (Kreag, 2001). These events are usually organized after looking at the behavior of tourists and the things which attract them towards a destination. Moreover, tourism mana gement aims at event tourism at complete utilization of the capabilities of events so as to attain overall tourism development. Event tourism also includes the research on peopleââ¬â¢s travelling motives which can be characterized as cultural, prestigious, physical, social and interpersonal motives and are pleased by diverse and unusual events. The Worlds Expo 2010, organized in Shanghai, China, was a similar event which was organized to seek attention of the world and to increase tourism prospects in China. It was a 184 days event which was eyed by the whole World. There are many credits given to the World Expo (2010) and so it was able to positively engage the world to China. China as a country has a history of hosting such events, but the Expo 2010 proved to be the best one indeed and was referred to as an event having its class apart. The standards set by the World Expo 2010 are very difficult to break by any other World Event such as this one. Socio - Cultural impact of the World Expo 2010 A country which has a good image in terms of social events just is more likely to make itself the spot for tourist attraction. The expected impacts of the Worlds Expo 2010 were positively seen on the host country, as through holding social events like these, a host country or the destination is able to make its own standing and create its brand image (Emma H. Wood, 2005). Also, since the country becomes famous for its culture and infrastructure, its resorts also become famous and many companies start holding their annual meetings and other conferences in that country, magnetizing more and more people towards it (Allen, 2009). Similarly, China had many benefits because of the World Expo, as the event was remarkably successful and attracted many countries towards it and the more a country is able to attract tourists, the more it is able to raise its finances through tourism (Solberg & Preuss, 2007). China has now become one of the best host countries, because of the im pression it created in front of the whole world, without the itinerary of such events, tourism is held incomplete (Henderson, 2006). Such events are not only created for revenue generation or for economic benefits but are also created to highlight the social culture of the country. These socio-cultural impacts go a long way to summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-37271793748648622152020-02-04T12:20:00.001-08:002020-02-04T12:20:04.021-08:00The different types of buisness in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsThe different types of buisness in the UK - Essay Example Else, they do not run the day-to day operations of their businesses. The latter approach has the owners of the businesses simply as shareholders. In this case they own business shares. Salaried directors see to the operations of the business and further, still the organisations of businesses may be publicly run by the state. There are two major sectors in the U.K; private and public sectors. However, most business organisations are owned privately in U.K .The individual owners are usually referred to as entrepreneurs and all the risks associated with running the businesses lay on these individuals. Often, the most popular types of private-business ownerships include; partnerships, sole proprietors, public and private limited companies. There are also less common kinds of business that also fall under this category of private businesses (These are; cooperatives and franchises). Partnerships have two or more persons being in a joint ownership of the business organisation. Sole proprietorship, on the other hand is the smallest business type and itââ¬â¢s owned and run by a single person. Public limited companies is the biggest type of privately owned organisation and private limited companies consist of the most minute incorporate business enterprises. Cooperatives emanate from a group of persons together operating as well as sharing gains and the losses of the enterprise. Franchises refer to a situation where big business organisations let a trader to dispose their commodities and utilise their name at a cost and also a share of gains. ( Carysforth, et al, 2000 p 124) The public sector is a constitution of local and central governments. Here the government owns these businesses. The last two decades have had the magnitude of government-business ownership shrinking a great deal. As a matter of fact there are very few kinds that can be cited (For example; the Royal summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-75365708748523356442020-01-27T08:44:00.001-08:002020-01-27T08:44:02.978-08:00Change Management Compulsion Or An Option British Airways Business EssayChange Management Compulsion Or An Option British Airways Business Essay There is a famous saying stated by an unknown author The only thing that is constant is change (Berman, 2007). With the current changing customer requirements and external environment necessities, organisations which behave as closed systems and do not constantly change themselves to fit the market requirements and customer demands will fail in the long term (Harigopal, 2006). Organisational change is an ongoing process which brings the systems and procedures of the organisation in line with the factors prevailing in the external and internal environment of the organisation (Nemetz and Fry, 1998). As business management gurus argue, external forces of change require not only adaptive, flexible organisations and new management approaches but also competent managers able to adopt to changing times and to manage organisational change (Beckhard and Harris, 1987). It is essential to understand how organisations in the real world implement and deal with organisational change. One such organisation which has implemented various change methodologies in the past few years in response to the changing business environment is British Airways. British Airways is the UKs flag carrier and one of the largest airlines in the world. Like many large organisations, the airline has had to change its strategy, technology, structure and culture in order to achieve competitive advantage in todays rapidly changing global business world. 1.2 Aims Objectives of Research The main objective and strategic aim of this study is to explore the role and significance of Change Management in this era of globalization and changing market needs by taking the case study of British Airways in specific. Research Question- The primary research question of this research study is: To explore the extent to which change management is necessary for a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantage? Additionally, the secondary research question is to examine the change management initiatives previously taken by British Airways to attain competitive advantage and profitability. 1.3 Literature Review This chapter will highlight the various aspects of change management. It will use academic research to understand the concept of change management by looking at its definition and determining the various approaches of change management. It will then describe the framework for change and various change management initiatives taken by organisations. The various change models will also be listed and analysed and the organisational background of British Airways will be provided along with a SWOT analysis of the organisation. 1.4 Methodology This chapter will determine the methodology used to conduct this research and the reasons for various data collection methods chosen. It will also look into the philosophical aspects of the research study. 1.5 Research Findings and Discussion During this chapter the researcher has analysed the findings and compared these with the literature review and methodology to establish the extent to which change management is necessary for an organisation to sustain competitive advantage and the role and significance of Change Management initiatives taken by British Airways to attain profitability. 1.6 Conclusion The last chapter is the Recommendations and Conclusion chapter. This chapter will list the recommendations generated from the research study findings while also bringing to light the limitations of the research study. The references used and the research related appendices will then be presented at the end of the research study. CHAPTER 2 Literature Review This chapter will review the existing literature on change management. It is important to understand current research on the subject area, to enable the reader to understand the nature of the existing knowledge of the subject (Denscombe 1998, p.15). Specifically, this literature review will focus on the following issues; Firstly, it will determine the definition of change and list the various types from the typology of change. Secondly it will describe the framework for the change process, generic model of change and the various change management diagnostic models are discussed. Thirdly the importance of communication in Change Management is explained. Fourthly the SWOT analysis is also described along with the various change initiatives taken by organisations in the aviation industry. 2.1 Typology of Change Change in academics is defined as the substitution or succession of one thing in place of another. As per research studies conducted, it is identified that the patterns of change repeats and is recurring in every industry. These patterns of change constitute of incremental and radical changes. The increasing frequency of these patterns of change in various industries over the past couple of decades has necessitated for organisations to predict the pattern of changes in their external industry environment so that they are better equipped with the resources and capabilities required to embark upon change and maintain their competitive advantage. A typology of change was developed by Nadler and Tushman to outline the various abilities of organisations to predict the patterns of change in the external industry environment. They have divided the ability to predict changes into two types of proactive and reactive while listing the scope of change as being transformational or incremental in nature. The typology of change is created by Nadler and Tushman by developing a matrix of the type and scope of change. They have differentiated the change strategy among organisations into four types of fine tuning, adaptation, re-orientation and re-creation. These strategies have been described in the following paragraphs (Hayes, 2007 and Chaffey, 2006). The first two changes of fine tuning and adaptation in organisations which occur are incremental changes. Fine tuning is the change process where organisations are proactive and will try to fill in the inefficiencies and gaps internal to the company when compared to the changing external environments which act as reducing agents to the effective performance of the business processes of the organisation. Adaptation is a reactive change process where the organisations have to make changes to their internal processes after they have felt a threat in their competitive position due to the changes made in the organisation. These changes are limited and do not affect the core functions or business processes of the organisation but are targeted towards reducing or removing the threats from the external environment and competition in an effective manner (Cook, Macaulay Coldicott, 2004). The two changes although occur for a long duration, are only basic changes and do not impact the fundament al aspects in which the organisations operations work (Hayes, 2007). The change processes of re-orientation and re-creation are both transformational in nature since they impact the fundamental operations of change. They occur when the need for change is vital to survive (Poole Van de Ven, 2004). The re-orientation change process in organisations basically requires organisations to change or re-define their existing corporate or business strategy (Chaffey, 2006 and Hayes, 2007). This change is conducted for two reasons. The first is to pro-actively prepare the organisation for the future changing external environment or to change the external environment itself by innovation such that the core competency of the organisation is increased over its competitors (Hayes, 2007 Potter, 2004). In Re-orientation, since there is no external threat to the organisation and it is being pro-active, it is difficult for the employee workforce to understand the need for such a drastic radical change. This change process requires the management of the organisation to create a sense of urgency and a necessity for change among the organisational employees so that the change process can be enforced. Otherwise it is difficult for organisations to implement this change. The last type of change process is Re-creation. This is a forced change and is transformational in nature. This type of change is implemented by organisations when they feel they need to change their core operations in order to sustain in the changed external environment. In most scenarios, the success of these re-creation changes can determine the survival of the organisation. These changes however are high risk changes since the organisations do not plan these changes ahead and do not, in most scenarios, have the required time and resources for their successful implementation. The change impact is mostly lower than expected for many reasons such as low involvement and motivation among employees, inadequate readiness in management etc. This change if not tackled effectively can lead to employee resistance and de-motivations (Chaffey, 2006 and Hayes, 2007). 2.2 Framework of Change The framework of change as developed by Lewin (1951) constitutes of the same three steps in all change processes. These steps are unfreeze, change and refreeze. Unfreeze is where the organisation tries to create an urgency for change so that the employees and the management are ready for change. Change, as the name indicates, is the second stage where the change occurs. Freeze is the final stage where the change made is now ensured to become part of the organisation. As per the framework, every change process has a higher level of uncertainty leading to resistance among employees. However, certain techniques can be adopted in order to avoid this resistance. One of these techniques is to introduce additional steps such as identifying the future state prior to implementing the framework of change (Weick Quinn, 1999). There have been many new models which have evolved in the past few years which have tried to add more steps or make modifications to this model. One of them is the generi c model of change created by (Hayes and Hyde, 1998) however, the general concept and baseline in all these change models is still the same. The generic model of change signifies the change process to be continuous in nature. It states that the change results of one process act as the triggering factor for some new required changes. Change process begins by determining the internal inefficiencies and improper capabilities of the internal organisation and the external environment in the industry the organisation operates in and using this gathered information to develop the new organisations strategy. This new strategy will now automatically implement the new anticipated change in the organisation (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). The ability to determine the correct strategy is the most crucial step in any change process since an incorrect change strategy can also be implemented successfully however it will not deliver the same benefits and fill in the required market inefficiencies as required and the overall change process can in turn be a failure (Buttrick, 2005). After looking at the above studies, the change process is modified as below. The initial aspect of the change process is now moved to identifying the resources required to implement the change process and the various techniques which can be used further to begin unfreezing the organisation. While this is being done, the organisations inefficiencies and gaps with the external environment are determined in order to develop the change strategy. This change strategy is designed that such that it achieves the anticipated future state of the organisation and reviewed to make any modification such that it is aligned towards realising the future state. The next step is to create a change plan before directly implementing the change. This change plan is implemented on a step by step basis and upon completion of each step, it is reviewed to determine if it is still aligned or the future state and rectify any identified deviations. Once this is completed and the future state is realised by the organisation, new techniques in order to merge this change with the organisations culture will be implemented. This is when the final stage of refreezing appears and the success or failure of the change process and the involved resources is determined. It is also used to collect feedback of the change process and reward the resources who had performed effectively towards achieving the future state (Jones, 2008). This generic model of change created by Hayes Hyde in 1998 and the change framework developed by Lewin in 1951 are both effective models which can used to implement change. However, both these models ignore one crucial aspect of change management which plays a vital role in the success of any change event, people management. Without effective people management, it is impossible to implement change in any organisation successfully. 2.3 Change Management Models There are various models which can be used to diagnose the success of a change event or the need for a change event. These models reduce the overall change process into a few key factors which need to be taken into consideration while implementing the change process in any organisation. They allow the management to determine the key aspects from both the process and the people perspective which need to be looked into. This in-turn increases the ability of change managers firstly to implement the change process successfully and secondly to evaluate its success and take necessary actions (Hayes, 2007). One of these models is the McKinsey 7S model. This model divides the change process diagnosis into seven elements which can be used to determine the existing internal environment status in a firm. These seven elements are strategy, structure, systems, staff, style, shared values and skills. The internal organisational efficiency of an organisation is determined successfully using this model and its results can be used to develop the internal strategy of the organisation (Saunders, 2007). This model can be used to develop change initiative programmes in organisations and develop a strategy which will achieve the overall internal fit in the firm however, it cannot be used to determine a fit between the internal capabilities of the organisation and the external environment in which it operates leading to a necessity for another model which takes this into consideration (Burke Litwin, 1992). The model which takes this into consideration is The Burke-Litwin causal model of organisational performance and change. This model is used for many purposes such as to identify the type of change implemented, whether it is incremental step-by-step change or a radical change or to determine the overall effect of using change management procedures in organisations while determining the performance of these management initiatives. This model constitutes of various elements which are crucial for a change process. The input element is the organisational performance and the output element is the individual and organisational performance. The other factors in the model are the through-put of the model. The models elements are further divided into two types of factors. The five factors of external environment, leadership, mission and strategy, organisational culture and the individual and organisational performance are the transformational factors while the remaining factors are the increme ntal factors. They are distinguished so based on the ability of the factors to influence the type of change. One of the successful applications of this model was to determine the success and performance on the change processes implemented in British Airways in the year 1983 (Burke Litwin, 1992). (Burke Litwin, 1992). This model will again be used in this study to determine the performance and effectiveness of the change management strategies used in British Airways in the past year. 2.4 Communication in Change Management: One of the key aspects of any change process in terms of people management is communication. If the communication is ineffective or missing, then the employee resistance to embrace the change only increases further. The communication strategies used by various organisations are different and this determines the amount of information shared by them with their employee workforce. Another factor which affects this amount of information shared with the employees is the managements personal views and understanding on the subject of change management and importance of communication. The Spray and Pray strategy used by management is where the information provided to employees is not considered or evaluated by the management to determine if it is actually relevant to them or not. This sort of communication can allow the vital and relevant information to be buried under irrelevant and not so vital information and reduce the overall necessary impact of communication on the employees. The manag ement which chooses to share the relevant information with their employees and also provides them with the various benefits of the change implemented to these employees use the communication strategy of Tell and Sell. In this scenario, the communication effectiveness is higher than the previous strategy and the amount of the information shared is lower. One of the most effective communication strategies which can be adopted by management in any change organisation is the Underscore and explore strategy where the information is provided to employee workforce in exact reference to the change situation and the various inputs provided by the management are considered at the same time. This ensures that the employees feel to be a part of the change being implemented and reduce their overall employee resistance. In the other two communication strategies of Identify and reply and withhold and uphold, the information shared with the employees is not adequate and the management withholds som e crucial elements of information which can increase the employee resistance to accept change. The below diagram represents the various communication strategies in accordance with the communication effectiveness and the amount of information shared by the management (Clampitt, DeKoch and Cashman, 2000). Figure-2 : Communication Strategy Continuum à (Clampitt, DeKoch and Cashman, 2000) 2.5 SWOT Analysis To determine the inner fit of an organisation with an external environment, one of the techniques which have proven successful on numerous occasions is the SWOT analysis. This SWOT analysis is divided into two segments, the internal factors segment which constitutes of the strengths and the weaknesses of the organisation and the external factors segment which constitutes of the opportunities and threats presented by the external environment in reference to the organisation. The role of strengths and opportunities is to determine the internal capabilities and inefficiencies of the business processes and the employee talent of the organisation. The role of opportunities and threats is to determine the external environment that the organisation is functioning in and find ways in which it can either support or act as a danger to the organisations functions. Once these are determined, it is then determined how the internal strengths of the organisation can be used to benefit from the exte rnal opportunities of the industry environment. The weaknesses are also looked into to determine if there is a possibility to change into a threat and how this movement can be avoided. The threats are looked at from the perspective of changing them into opportunities or reducing their possible impact on the organisation. The weaknesses are also worked upon in a similar way, to reduce their impacts and risks to the organisation or to remove them altogether by changing them into opportunities (Briggs, 2001). 2.6 Change Management in Organisations in the Aviation Industry: Some of the change initiatives which have been experienced by organisations in the Aviation industry are the privatisation of companies such as Qantas airlines. This happened at the same time as most industries in various nations were moving towards privatisation and de-regulation while moving away from the shadows of the public sector. The change process was rapid and radical in nature. Another change in the aviation industry which was not just restricted to one organisation was the agreement of global alliances among the various international and domestic airlines in the global market. This changed the structure and process of operations in the Aviation industry while also bringing in harmony the use of labour and the strategies adopted by management across various airlines in the industry (Fairbrother, 2002). Another change initiative which was related across airline companies was the use of part time and casual employees so that they can benefit from using them when required and paying them only for the number of hours employed. This has allowed them to reduce the overall labour costs however, in most airline companies; most of the part time employees did work overtime just as much as full time employees leading to no change in the overall labour costs (Dawson, 2003). The privatisation of the airlines is not just limited to Qantas airlines but has increased further to British Airways, Lufthansa, Air France, KLM etc (Delfmann, 2005). An additional change management initiative is the collaborative effects among most airline companies to ensure a reduction in the carbon footprint overall and thus support the climate change initiatives along with the various other industries and governments (Bishop Grayling, 2003). Steve this is the other introduction to the research study I written, but Im unsure if this is perhaps too current as it relates to the current global economic recession. Could you advise if it is maybe best to delete the information I have highlighted in bold and continue with the original introduction I have written on page 3. Introduction to the research study There is a famous saying stated by an unknown author The only think that is constant is change (Berman, 2007). With the current changing customer requirements and external environment necessities, organisations which behave as the closed systems that do not constantly change themselves to fit the market requirements and customer demands will fail in the longer terms (Harigopal, 2006). The punctuated paradigms irregularities frequency has increased over the past decade implying that the change in organisations is not as fast or as paced as the change in external environments which in-turn is increasing the gaps between the customer requirements and products/services provided by organisations (Hayes, 2007). This has made it crucial to study the significance of change management internally in organisations so that this building gap can be reduced and organisations can benefit from these constant changes through adapting their culture. The recent economic recession and credit crunch with a decreasing GDP rate across the United Kingdom in 2008-09 (Statistics, 2009) has forced organisations to find new ways to reduce costs for the products and services generated by them so that they can survive in this difficult climate. Organisations responses to these necessary changes being forced upon them is being tackled using various techniques such as economies of scale (Grant, 2005), internal re-structuring and creating new operational processes which will reduce their operational and maintenance costs. This in-turn has led to need for effective change management in such organisations so that the changes implemented are widely accepted by the workforce which in-turn ensures that success from the implemented change techniques are achieved (Cameron Green, 2008). One such organisation which has implemented various change methodologies in the past few years in response to the changing industry environment is British Airways. The organisation like many others has undergone some changes in their strategy, technology, structure and cultural aspects in order to survive in the changing environment and maintain the organisations core competency. British Airways will be used as a case study in this research study in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the research study. Many literatures focus on change management in organisations enforced due to various reasons and either at the beginning or at the end of the change management procedures being implemented. However, most of these researches have not taken into consideration the change management forced by external environments due to an economic recession especially since this scenario is not very common or recurring constantly. This research will contribute to the existing literature by using economic recession as one of the external factors leading to implementing changes in the airline industry. This research study will attempt to act as a guide to further researches who wish to identify the necessity for effective change management in the airline industry organisation especially when the external contributing factor is the economic recession. Sharon, This is a very well written first draft of your dissertation. I think there are some very good elements but there are also quite long passages where there are no references cited. I think if you do a little more reading and address these gaps then you will have the basis of a very good literature review. Steve summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-32755968238904437912020-01-19T05:07:00.001-08:002020-01-19T05:07:03.910-08:00Cis11 Assessment 1Safety Styles Pty Ltd Financial Information Ratios and Financial Data Profitability201020112012 Return on assets30. 2%31. 46%31. 48% Return on equity32. 62%34. 02%34. 07% Gross profit margin57. 55%57. 51%57. 93% Net profit margin16. 04%13. 90%14. 35% Efficiency Asset turnover (times)1. 882. 262. 19 Inventory turnover (days)95. 6290. 5595. 10 Accounts receivable turnover (days)50. 3742. 6645. 16 Liquidity Current ratio4. 124. 13. 91 Quick asset ratio2. 462. 452. 21 Capital Structure Gearing ratio2. 372. 62. 54 Safety Styles Pty Ltd Application Decision It would be my recommendation to grant Safety Styles their application for additional finance. Profitability: Safety Styles Pty Ltd has demonstrated in is able to generate and increase its profits as demonstrated through the healthy Gross and Net Profit Margins. It should be noted during this three year period Safety Styles Pty Ltd has maintained and increased the Gross Profit margin, Safety Styles Pty Ltd has also maintained a healthy Net Profit Margin.Although dropping slightly the second year they have managed to improve this in their third year increasing their overall profitability Safety Styles has also increased both its Return on Assets and Return on Equity, this demonstrates the ability of the company to efficiently make use of its assets and equity which ultimately reduces requirements for more funding and reduces cost making better use of what they currently have. Efficiency: Safety Styles Pty Ltd appears on average over the last three years to be improving its efficiency to make better use of their assets and turning over their inventory.Safety should also focus on this area and strive to improve their efficiency. Whilst the values may seem quiet higher their total sales amount has raised which may not be taken into account with averages. Safety Styles may need to revisit their inventory strategy as their turn over period is quite high; this would be a benefit for them in the long term by having quicke r access to cash for investment in other assets. They should also pay attention to their Accounts Receivable Turnover and aim to reduce this. Liquidity:Whilst Safety Styles Current ratio and Quick asset ratio is declined they are both still very healthy numbers. Safety Styles non-current assets have been increasing annually. They may want to pay attention to reducing their inventory levels and accounts receivable to give them more cash and the opportunity to invest into non-current assets or reduce their liabilities as they currently has a low level of cash compared to inventory and accounts receivable. This will make the company more ââ¬Å"liquidâ⬠in the short term.Safety Styles also has a very healthy quick asset ratio compared to the industry standard of 2. It should be noted that Safety Styles currently do not have a high level of liabilities and seem to be maintaining their levels of dent in relation to their assets Capital Structure: Safety Styles currently have a very low gearing ratio and are using retained earnings for most of their financing. External sources of financing will be a benefit to Safety Styles to help them grow and invest in additional non-current assets. Executive SummarySafety Styles appear to be utilizing their assets and equity very well currently to help produce their profit and maintain both healthy gross and net profit. If this is maintained they should be able to repay their long term liabilities and possibly improve their current asset liquidity. ? Appendix Formulas â⬠¢Return on Assets = (Net profit before interest and taxation / Average total assets) x 100 â⬠¢Return on Equity = (Net profit after tax and preference dividends / average ordinary shareholderââ¬â¢s funds) x 100 â⬠¢Gross Profit Margin = (Gross profit / sales) x 100 Net Profit Margin = (Net profit before interest and taxation / sales) x 100 â⬠¢Asset Turnover Ratio = ( Sales / Average Total Assets) â⬠¢Inventory Turnover = (Average inventor y / cost of sales) x 365 â⬠¢Accounts Receivable Turnover = (Average accounts receivable / credit sales) x 365 â⬠¢Current Ratio = (Current assets / current liabilities) â⬠¢Quick Asset Ratio = (Current assets (excluding Inventory and prepayments) / current liabilities) â⬠¢Gearing Ratio = (Long-term liabilities / share capital + reserves + long-term liabilities) x 100 Ratio definitions â⬠¢Return on Assets The Return on Assets (ROA) demonstrates how effectively a company is using its assets to generate profit. The higher the ROA the better as the company is earning more off less investment â⬠¢Return on Equity oThe Return on Equity (ROE) demonstrates the amount of net profit generated as a percentage of the shareholders equity. A higher ROE is better as it displays how much profit is generated based on shareholder investment. â⬠¢Gross Profit Margin oThe Gross Profit Margin (GPM) is used to display the percentage difference between sales and the cost of sales b efore any other costs are factored in.A higher GPM is better as the company is making a higher profit off its sales â⬠¢Net Profit Margin oThe Net Profit Margin (NPM) is used to display the net profit as a percentage of the revenue generated. A higher NPM is better as it indicates a more profitable company and how effective a company is at controlling its costs â⬠¢Asset Turnover Ratio oThe Asset turnover Ratio (ATR) displays how well a business can use its assets in generating sales or revenue. A higher ATR is better as it demonstrates the amount of dollars generated by one dollar of the company's assets â⬠¢Inventory Turnover The Inventory Turnover formula display how often the company sells and replaces its inventory. A low Inventory turnover is preferred as this means cash is not being held in inventory, is producing more revenue and has access to an ongoing source of cash â⬠¢Accounts Receivable Turnover oThe Accounts Receivable turnover displays the average settlem ent period (days) credit purchased are settled by the customer. A shorter average settlement period is preferred as this means funds are not tied up and can be â⬠¢Current Ratio This ratio is compares a companyââ¬â¢s current assets and current liabilities to measure the liquidity. A higher ratio is preferred as it generally means the business can meet their commitments â⬠¢Quick Asset Ratio oThe Quick Asset Ratio (QAR) also known as the ââ¬Å"Acid Test Ratioâ⬠measures if a company can meet its short term liabilities with its current assets less its inventory as you canââ¬â¢t always rely on inventory to be converted into cash quickly. A higher ratio means the company is in a better position â⬠¢Gearing Ratio The Gearing Ratio (GR) measures how much capital is financed by long term finance. A high gearing ratio means a company will depend of long term loans, a low gearing ratio displays higher reliance on financing through equity investment. Typically a high leve l of gearing means a higher level of risk for the company. Ratio Calculations â⬠¢Return on Assets o2010 ââ¬â (647 / ((2122 + 2163) /2)) x 100 o2011 ââ¬â (685 / ((2233 + 2122) /2)) x 100 o2012 ââ¬â (712 / ((2291 + 2233) /2)) x 100 â⬠¢Return on Equity o2010 ââ¬â (585 / ((1774 + 1813) /2)) x 100 2011 ââ¬â (619 / ((1865 + 1774) /2)) x 100 o2012 ââ¬â (644 / ((1916 + 1865) /2)) x 100 â⬠¢Gross Profit Margin o2010 ââ¬â (2321 / 4033) x 100 o2011 ââ¬â (2834 / 4928) x 100 o2012 ââ¬â (2875 / 4963) x 100 â⬠¢Net Profit Margin o2010 ââ¬â (647 / 4033) x 100 o2011 ââ¬â (685 / 4928) x 100 o2012 ââ¬â (712 / 4963) x 100 â⬠¢Asset Turnover Ratio o2010 ââ¬â (4033 / ((2122 + 2163) / 2)) o2011 ââ¬â (4928 / ((2233 + 2122) / 2)) o2012 ââ¬â (4963 / ((2291 + 2233) / 2)) â⬠¢Inventory Turnover o2010 ââ¬â (((((216 + 175) + (223 + 283)) / 2) / 1712) x 365) o2011 ââ¬â (((((235 + 298) + (223 + 283)) / 2) / 2094) X 365) 2012 â â¬â (((((235 + 298) + (230 + 325)) / 2) / 2088) X 365) â⬠¢Accounts Receivable Turnover o2010 ââ¬â ((((561 + 552) / 2) / 4033) x 365) o2011 ââ¬â ((((561 + 591) / 2) / 4928) x 365) o2012 ââ¬â ((((637 + 591) / 2) / 4963) x 365) â⬠¢Current Ratio o2010 ââ¬â (1257 / 305) o2011 ââ¬â (1324 / 323) o2012 ââ¬â (1272 / 325) â⬠¢Quick Asset Ratio o2010 ââ¬â (((1257 ââ¬â (223 + 283)) / 305) o2011 ââ¬â (((1324 ââ¬â (235 + 298)) / 323) o2012 ââ¬â (((1272 ââ¬â (230 + 325)) / 325) â⬠¢Gearing Ratio o2010 ââ¬â (((43 / (70 + 1704 + 43)) x 100) o2011 ââ¬â (((45 / (70 + 1795 + 45)) x 100) o2012 ââ¬â (((50 / (70 + 1846+ 50)) x 100) summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-41945221133416795352020-01-11T01:31:00.001-08:002020-01-11T01:31:04.821-08:00Management in Libraries EssayEconomic threat to the libraries by escalation of books and journals, fewer resources, constant growth changes in technology and user high expectation have shown that management is the critical factor that determines efficiency and effectiveness of all types of libraries. Thus managers are expected to play different functions in order to be effective and efficient. In this assignment different functions and roles played by managers in different libraries are discussed showing how they improve efficiency and effectiveness and different laws of library management are discussed. DEFINITION OF TERMS Management Effectiveness defined by Bateman, T is ââ¬Å"doing things rightâ⬠. This means that the manager has the responsibility for selecting the right goals and appropriate means to achieving it. Efficiency is measuring the cost of attaining a given goal, concerned about how resources such as money, time, equipment, personnel obtain given goals. Thus a manager needs to be effective and efficient in order to achieve the goals of the library. MAIN DISCUSSION Library management comprise more than just making changes, it involves managing ongoing operations in the optimal fashion for your institution in the context of its goals, other departmentââ¬â¢s activities and patrons needs. Thus we realize that different libraries may require managerial different managerial skills in order to perform their duties effectively. Managers help in giving direction to the library showing where it is going. Library management involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is about systematical making decisions about the library goals. In planning the manager defines the objectives the objectives of the library, stating the purpose of its existence, defining the user community and their information needs. This is important as it facilitates efficiency. It helps in understanding the library stakeholders. A public library is an omnibus organization. It carters for everyone in the community thus the need for every user must be known and fulfilled. A public library serves a diverse community of adults, children and teens thus a manager has to plan on resources to be acquired. A manager can plan on different resources that can be acquired ranging from entertainment, fiction, nonfiction for general research, children story books because there are no specific users, the resources must benefit everyone in the society. A manager also organize and coordinate human, financial , physical, informational and other resources needed to achieve library goals. The manager establishes the activity authority relationship of the library. The activities necessary to achieve the objectives are then grouped into working divisions, departments and grouped together. In an academic library a manager can group together activities like accession and cataloguing The manager has to establish standards for performance; this will make sure that the library is performing in such a way as to arrive at its destination. According to Griffin ââ¬Å"controlling helps to ensure effective and efficiency needed for successful managementâ⬠As a leader the manager is responsible for staffing which is concerned with allocating prospective employees to fulfill the jobs created by organizing process. It involves the process of reviewing the credentials of the candidates of the jobs and trying to match the job demand with the application s abilities keeping each employee qualified. It also involves the development and implementation of a system for appraising performance and providing feedback for performance improvement. In a special library where the main target is a specific audience, for example ZIMRA library its serves the ZIMRA staff and mainly the manager have to recruit someone who posses research skills because mainly it deals with research for its company. The manager is responsible for choosing the right candidate, who knows how to research, even on the internet where there is information overload the candidate must be able to extract relevant information using the right search engine, mainly in a special library every one depend on the information provided by the librarian. The manager is also responsible for keeping the librarian qualified for the job by providing ongoing training since the librarianship profession is dynamic thus this will improve effectiveness and efficiency of libraries. A manager also gives s direction that will help the library in achieving its goals. Directing builds a climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation this is further explained by Rachelââ¬â¢s laws of library management, it says save time of your staff. This means that the staff must be given support they need for them to achieve goals effectively and efficiently this include providing training for them where it is needed. Each boss must plan and oversee the wok of each of his or her subordinates. In an academic library there are different services offered for example cataloguing and accession section can be directed by one manager then the E- resource section can be under another manager e- journals purchased, subscriptions etc. This will ease the load as one manager is focusing on a specific service thus he spend more time trying to improve the services and working with his subordinates and improves efficiency in the library. As a manager attempts to perform the managerial job effectively and efficiently there is a need to ââ¬Ëwear different hatsââ¬â¢ in interaction with employees. Managers interacts with others besides subordinates they work with other peer level managers in some other departments and outside contacts (suppliers and clients). Thus a manager is building contacts through which to gather information. Rachel agrees with this in the laws of management which says library resources are for use. A library manager is expected to connect resources with the user achieving the library goals. Through the liaison role a manager is able to network with other libraries. Academic libraries can practice resource sharing if there are shortages of material in specific departments the two libraries can share the available resources to both libraries and this will give the patrons a wide variety of information thus fulfilling their needs, this will improve efficiency. The manager is exposed to new ideas or methods that may improve the work unit operations. The manager initiates activities that will allow and encourage the work unit to use the idea most advantageously. Rachelââ¬â¢s law of management says that a library is a growing organism. A manager needs to open to change and help the library evolve to meet the needs of patrons. We can look at public library, the introduction of automation the staff may resist change having fear of losing their jobs thus a manager is responsible for encouraging and motivating the staff showing them the advantages of automating the library services and how it can reduce their workload, providing training for them thus the duties are performed effectively and efficiently satisfying the needs of different patrons. An effective manager is an active leader who creates a positive work environment in which the organization and its employees have the opportunity and incentive to achieve high performance (â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. ) In order to perform duties effectively and efficiently Rachel says that ââ¬Å"every task its doerâ⬠. The manager encourages ownership and responsibility to each staff member. Every staff member his/ her work, the manager must know peopleââ¬â¢s skills and strength and staff can then be deployed according to their abilities then the duties can be done perfectly improving effectiveness and efficiency in a library. Even though the staff is divided according to their abilities it is the duty of a manager to create a spirit oneness and togetherness amongst the subordinates. They should work as a team to achieve the library goals; Bavakuty M (2000) agrees that libraries can become effective and efficient by ââ¬Å"strong top management support, a system approach and strategic planning, a customer focus, an emphasis on employee team work, empowerment training, the use of measurement and analysis technique and commitment to continuous improvementâ⬠. The manager seeks and receives wide variety of special information to develop through the understanding of the library and the environment, emerges as the nerve centre about the library. The manager monitors internal and external events, ideas, trends and analysis. The manager then uses the information to detect changes, problems and opportunities and to construct decision making scenario. The manager as the disseminator transmits information from other employees to other members of the library. The manager can bring external information received into the organization and facilitate internal flow of information. Thus we realize that management is the heart of any type of library and facilitate efficiency and effectiveness. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bavakutty, M (2000). Management of libraries In the 21st Century. Ess Ess Publication. India. Griffin, R. (1987). Management 2nd editition. Maffin Co Mohant, T. C. (2008). Research Methodology in Library Science. alpha Publishers India. Plunket, R. (1983). Introduction to Management. Kent Publication. United States of Amenrica. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-12663216229708088902020-01-02T21:53:00.001-08:002020-01-02T21:53:03.522-08:00The Prevention Of Natural Disasters - 1742 Words ââ¬Å"The prevention of natural disasters and reducing their impact is a one of the twenty issues considered the most important and urgent global issues in the 21 century. This issue increases and causes great suffer to the level that the global procedures to reduce disasters must to be doneâ⬠¦ the repetition of the disasters has forced it to be a responsibility of international communityâ⬠J.F. Richard (2002) High Noon: Twenty Global Issues, Twenty Years to Solve Them. Peopleââ¬â¢s well-being is influenced greatly by the larger freedoms within which they live and by their ability to respond to and recover from adverse eventsââ¬ânatural or human-made. Resilience underpins any approach to securing and sustaining human development (human development report. ) This paper discusses the background and significance of the community based risk reduction program developed by the Syrian Arab Red Crescent (SARC) society in 2006. It also describes the first pilot project implemented by SARC in 2007. Disasters, community vulnerability, development and risk reduction : Between late 199s and early 2000s, natural disasters have affected 2.5 billion people and caused more than US$ 400 billion of damage (pdf ifrc weather). While climate change is a key determinant, other factors such as extreme poverty, environmental degradation, rural to urban migration and over-exploitation of natural resources have greatly increasing risk, vulnerability and underdevelopment (Oxfam). The dynamic interplay ofShow MoreRelatedNatural Disaster Insurance1467 Words à |à 6 PagesNatural Disaster Insurance and The Equity-Efficiency Trade-Off This article written by Pierre Picard investigates the role of private insurance in the prevention and mitigation of natural disasters. it characterizes the equity-efficiency trade-off between policy makers under imperfect information about individual prevention costs Pierre Picard , with one simple model, illustrates how tax cuts on insurance contracts can improve incentives to prevention of natural disasters. ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreNatural and Man-Made Disasters, and How to Manage Them Properly730 Words à |à 3 PagesDisasters and emergencies can happen anywhere, at any time (Pellegrin, 2012). A disaster is a term describing a whole range of distress situations, both individual and communal. These include fires and drowning, earthquake and tornado, epidemics and starvation, heat and cold, rats and locusts (Kumar, 2000). While the Malaysian National Security Council (MNSC) Directive 20 (2003) defines disaster as ââ¬Å"an emergency situation of some complexity that will cause the loss of lives, damage property and theRead MoreDisaster, Characteristics And Management Stages Essay1317 Words à |à 6 PagesDisaster Characteristics and Management Stages The purpose of this paper is to examine a recent natural disaster. The number of natural disasters has risen dramatically in the past two decades. Natural disasters are increasing exponentially and creating expanding amounts of destruction each year. A recent natural disaster to examine is the flooding in Louisiana August 2016. 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Read MoreNatural Disaster1405 Words à |à 6 PagesNatural Disasters With the tropical climate and unstable landforms, coupled with high population density, poverty, illiteracy and lack of adequate infrastructure, India is one of the most vulnerable developing countries to suffer very often from various Natural Disasters, viz. flood, cyclone, earthquake,forest fire, drought, etc. Asia tops the list of casualties due to natural disasters. Space technology plays a crucial role in efficient mitigation of disasters. Communication satellite providesRead MoreDisaster Characteristics And Management Stages Essay1198 Words à |à 5 PagesDisaster Characteristics and Management Stages A disaster is defined as a natural or man-made incident in which the degree of destruction, death or injury overwhelms the community, exhausts the available resources and decreases the communityââ¬â¢s ability to respond (Nies McEwen, 2015). The frequency of natural disasters in on the rise. 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A disaster can cause interruptions in businesses, and can cause partial or total destruction to infrastructure, such as homes or hospitals (Anderson McFarlane, 2015). A disaster can cause downed power lines, loss of transportation, loss of food, and sanitation problems. Disasters are caused by naturally occurring events or man-made events. Examples of naturally occurringRead MoreNatural Di saster and Decision That Follows620 Words à |à 3 PagesNatural Disaster and decision that follows Natural disaster risk can be defined as follows: The exposure or the chance of loss (of lives, persons injured, property damaged and economic activity disrupted) due to a particular hazard for a given area and reference period. In case of a disaster event, there are several effects, such as humanitarian effects, including the loss of lives and persons injured; ecological effects among other damage to ecosystems; and economic effects, comprising differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Extreme Rainfall Events On Japan1682 Words à |à 7 Pagesincreasing, and many damage caused by landslide disasters and flooding have reported in Japan. In the case of extreme rainfall events which occurred in August 2014, many damages were reported Japan with a central focus on Hiroshima prefecture. Also, another case in September, 2015, many victims and the injured had reported because of the flood caused by extreme rainfall events. The cause of extreme rainfall events have not clarified because natural factors (including solar activity, meander of the summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-54129336508085703062019-12-25T18:19:00.001-08:002019-12-25T18:19:04.001-08:00The Data and Methodology used in the Hang Seng Index - Free Essay Example Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2665 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? In this chapter, there is description of data used in this study, which are The Hang Seng Index (HSI), The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Holding plc (HSBC Hldgs) and Oriental Press Group Limited. After that, methodologies of predictions based on past volatilities and GARCH class conditional volatility models are presented. Finally, I will talk about how to evaluate the forecasting performances in according to select the best models. Now, let me introduce the data analyzed in my study. 3.1 Data description 3.1.1 The Hang Seng Index (HSI) Global investors treat the Hang Seng Index (HSI) as an indicator of the performance of the stock market in Hong Kong. The HSI was publicly launched on 24 November 1969 and is one of the earliest stock market indexes in Hong Kong. It is now maintained by Hang Seng Indexes Company Limited, which is a subsidiary of Hang Seng Bank, one of the constituent companies. The HSI is a freefloat-adjusted market capitalization weighted stock market index. : The current price at Day t : The closing price at Day t-1 IS : The number of issued shares FAF : Freefloat-adjusted Factor, which is between 0 and 1 CF: Cap factor, which is between 0 and 1 It consists of 43 constituent companies which represent around 60% of the total market capitalization of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX). In order to show the price movements of the major sectors of the market clearer, the HSI constituent stocks are grouped into four sub-indexes: Properties, Utilities, Commerce and Industry, and Fina nce. Normally, qualified potential constituents are companies with a primary listing on the Main Board of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX). In recent years, more and more mainland China companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX), they can also be one of the qualified potential constituents if they meet several conditions. The companys total ordinary share capital must be in the form of H shares, the shares of the company incorporated in mainland China that are traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. And also, the company needs to complete the process of Share Reform first. As a result, the company has no unlisted share capital. As the market capitalization, the turnover ranking and the financial performances of the companies may change in different periods, the list of constituent stocks is reviewed quarterly. In this paper, the daily closing Hang Seng Index and the weekly Hang Seng Index are used. The data set ranging from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 2008 is retrie ved from Datastream, a U.K. incorporated data service company. The data set is partitioned into the in-sample estimation periods 1997 2007, the out-of-sample forecast periods 2007 2008. This separation provides 2467 and 522 in-sample observations for the daily series and weekly series respectively. For out-of-sample observations, there are 246 for daily series and 52 for weekly series. In order to obtain more accurate results, public holidays and special incidents leading the public announcement of non-trading, such as the black signal of the Rainstorm Warning System and no. 8 storm force wind signal of Hong Kongs Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals. During this period, there were quite a lot of economic events affecting the stock market in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is one of the victims of 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. After the HSI peaked at 16820, it was attacked by international speculators, leading to a 50% plunge. In 1998, the Hong Kong government intervention on stock market to p urchase component shares supported the market and the HSI rebounded to 18000. The rise in both the interest rate and the crude oil price burst the dot-com bubble in 2000. The HSI dropped to 14000 and then fluctuated between 14000 and 16000. 911 Incident occurred in 2001. The HSI kept falling and the minimum was 8894. The stock market started to recover after Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed on 29 June 2003. In August 2007, mainland China declared the plan to allow part of citizens to invest on Hong Kong market directly. In October, stimulated by the news of AH stock hedging program, the HSI break through 30000. Unfortunately, the HSI was affected by the fallen chain of major stock markets in the world and dropped 2061.23 on 22 January 2008. During this period, the average point of the HSI is 14313.39 and the stand deviation is 4563.68. The lowest point in these eleven years was 6660.42 which occurred on 13 August 1998. 31638.22 was the highest point and occurred on 30 October 2007. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Data and Methodology used in the Hang Seng Index" essay for you Create order 3.1.2 HSBC hldgs Besides the HSI, one of the constituent stocks is randomly selected. At the beginning of the selection process, each constituent stock is assigned a number, 1 43. Then, a number, between 1 43, is randomly generated by Excel. If the assigned number of the company matches the generated number, that company will be selected and studied in this paper. The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Holding plc (HSBC Hldgs) is the selected constituent company and belongs to the Finance Sub-indexes. HSBC hldgs is one of the most favourite stocks in Hong Kong. In 1865, it was founded in Hong Kong in March and in Shanghai one month later. The banks headquarter was in Hong Kong until 1992. Then it moved to London as a condition of the acquisition of Midland Bank in UK, and also due to the handover of Hong Kongs sovereignty. Currently, HSBC hldgs is both the worlds largest banking and financial services group and the 5th largest stock in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) by market capit alization. HSBC hldgs is also listed on the Bermuda, New York, London and Paris Stock Exchanges. It is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index and the largest company listed on the FTSE. In 2010, CEO Michael Geoghegan moved to Hong Kong since HSBC hldgs focuses on Asia more now. Similarly, both daily and weekly closing prices of HSBC hldgs ranging from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 2008 are retrieved from Datastream. The data set is also divided into the in-sample estimation periods 1997 2007 and the out-of-sample forecast periods 2007 2008. The number of in-sample observations and out-of-sample observations for both daily and weekly series are also the same as the HSI series and the non-trading days are excluded. For in-sample observations, there are 2467 for daily series and 522 for weekly series. For out-of-sample observations, there are 246 for daily series and 52 for weekly series. During this period, the average closing price of HSBC hldgs is 96.92 and the stand deviation is 23.2 6. The lowest closing price in these eleven years was 40.48 which occurred on 21 September 1998. 140.586 was the highest closing price and occurred on 15 October 2007. 3.1.3 Oriental Press Group Limited In this paper, another stock which is not the constituent stock is also studied. The stock is selected randomly like the chosen constituent stock. Oriental Press Group Limited is selected and is incorporated in Hong Kong. The group takes part in the publication of daily newspapers, Oriental Daily News and The Sun, and The Sun Racing Journal. Oriental Daily News was first published in 1969. Today, the paper is at the top in the daily circulation and has a record readership of around 3,100,000. Unlike Oriental Daily News, The Sun targets at a younger and fresher reader groups. The Sun was published since 1999, and can also be found outside Hong Kong. By considering a lot of Hong Kong people living in North America and in order to develop the market of The Sun, there is a North America version in New York and Toronto. The Sun Racing Journal was established in 1991. It is one of the major horse racing magazines in Hong Kong. Like the HSI and HSBC Hldgs, both daily and weekly clos ing prices of Oriental Press Group Limited ranging from 1 July 1997 to 30 June 2008 are retrieved from Datastream. The data set is also divided into the in-sample and the out-of-sample with the same period as the above two series. The number of in-sample observations and out-of-sample observations for both daily and weekly series are also equal to as that of the HSI series and HSBC hldgs series. During this period, the average closing price of Oriental Press Group Limited is 1.499 and the stand deviation is 0.657. The lowest closing price in these eleven years was 0.533 which occurred on 23 June 1998. 3.175 was the highest closing price and occurred on 14 January 2004. 3.1.4 Transformation of Data As this paper is studying the volatility, I focus on the returns of the HSI and the stocks rather than the index and closing prices. Therefore, a transformation of data is needed before modeling. Data are transformed into daily returns by taking the first difference of the natural logarithm of the daily index and closing prices. : The daily return : The current price at Day t : The closing price at Day t-1 Mean equals to 0.00138 and stand deviation is 0.0176. Mean equals to 0.00163 and stand deviation is 0.0169. Mean equals to -0.00032 and stand deviation is 0.0315. 3.2 Methodology Stationarity If a time series can be estimated using time series models, it must be a stationary process, as non-stationary process cannot be studied directly. If the joint probability distribution of time series data keeps constant when time is moving, this data set can be said to be stationary and the mean and variance do not change over time. On the contrary, a non-stationary process whose joint probability keep changing in the period. The mean and variance vary at different time points. However, usually after a non-stationary series has been transformed, such as differencing or log-difference, the series become stationary. Accordingly, it is necessary to test whether the data set is under a stationary process before any further analyzing. The Augmented Dickey and Fuller (ADF) test is employed in this paper. The ADF test is an improved version of the Dickey and Fuller (DF) test. Both tests null hypotheses are the series with a unit root, which means the series is non-stationary. The DF te st is only based on a simple regression. where the residuals are followed the Dickey-Fuller Distribution. The hypothesis testing is The test statistic is After that, comparing the test statistic with the relevant critical value for the Dickey-Fuller test, if the value is larger than the critical value, the null hypothesis can be rejected, and the model is stationary; vice verse. The ADF test is based on a more complicated more. where is a constant, is the coefficient of a deterministic trend and is the summation of the lag orders of the autoregressive process. Historical mean Probably, the historical mean provides the easiest way to forecast the volatility. All the in-sample observations are used and equally weighted to forecast. where is the number of out-of-sample observations Moving average Under moving average method, the forecast of the volatility is given by an unweighted average of the in-sample observations. Unlike the historical mean method, not all the in-sample observations are used. The average is based on the in-sample observations over a particular time interval of fixed length. where T is called the moving average period or rolling window. Three different lengths are considered for each frequency. For daily data, three months, six months and one year are chosen. For monthly data, six months, one year and two years are chosen. Random walk Both historical mean and moving average methods assume that the volatility will be in stable or change slowing with a trend. But, if the volatility fluctuates unpredictably, the best forecast of the volatility of next period is the current real volatility. Exponential smoothing Under exponential smoothing method, the forecast of the volatility is a weighted average of the previous actual observation and the previous forecast. where is the smoothing factor, and must be between 0 and 1. If is equal to zero, the forecast exactly equals the prior actual observation and the exponential smoothing method becomes random walk. When approaches one, the preceding forecast is the majority. The value of smoothing factor is determined by minimizing the in-sample sum of squared errors. The estimated smoothing factors for daily data are between 0.64 and 0.95. For weekly data, the values lie in the range 0.88 to 0.92. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) The exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) method is similar to the exponential smoothing method. The only difference is that the prior actual volatility is replaced by a moving average method. where is a smoothing factor lying between 0 and 1. Like the exponential smoothing method, the EWMA method becomes random walk if the smoothing factor is equal to zero. When the factor is getting closer and closer one, the moving average will be weighted heavier and heavier. For daily data, the estimated values of factors are in the range 0.001 to 0.53. The smoothing factors lie between 0.001 and 0.4 for weekly data. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) If the variance of the data is constant, the process is called homoscedastic. However, a lot of time series data in the real world have time-varying variance. In 1982, Engle proposed the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasiticity (ARCH) model to deal with time series data. Four years later, Bollerslev suggested the GARCH model. A GARCH (p , q) model is where , , and . There are joint estimations of both the conditional mean and the conditional variance process in the GARCH model. The error term, , follows a normal distribution with zero mean and the variance which varies with time. indicates the persistence of shocks to volatility. If the sum is equal to one, the GARCH model becomes the integrated-GARCH (IGARCH) model. Threshold-GARCH (TGARCH) In the GARCH model, it assumes that shocks with equal magnitude have the same impacts on the volatility no matter which sign shocks are, positive or negative. However, the different sign of the shock may have a different impact on the volatility. In order to parameterize this idea, the TGARCH model is one of a number of ways. The TGARCH model was proposed by Glosten, Jagannathan and Runkle in 1993. The model is express as where if , and if . Consequently, a positive shock has an impact of on the volatility, and a negative shock has an impact of on the volatility. If is greater than zero, the negative shock has an larger impact on the volatility and vice versa. quantifies the persistence of shocks. Asymmetric-GARCH (AGARCH) The AGARCH model is another way to parameterize the idea that different sign of shock with equal magnitude has a different impact on the volatility. The AGARCH model looks quite similar to the TGARCH model and is expressed as If is a positive number, the positive shock has a smaller impact on the volatility and vice versa. Exponential-GARCH (EGARCH) The EGARCH model (Nelson, 1991) does not have the non-negativity constraint on the parameter, and , in the above three GARCH models. And also, the EGARCH model is the third asymmetric kind of GARCH models in this paper. The model is expressed as where The positive value of indicates that the positive shock has an larger impact on the volatility and vice versa. 3.3 Forecast evaluation After the volatility has been forecasted, the forecasters need to be evaluated to see how small the forecast errors are. There are several loss functions for the forecast error. The choice of loss functions totally depends on investors preferences. Symmetric loss function The mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) are the easiest and commonest ways to measure the forecasting performance. The result of the ME can be an indicator showing the direction of overprediction or underprediction on average. As the errors by overprediction and underprediction offset each other, it is not surprising that the ME statistic usually is the lowest one among the others. Unlike the ME, the MAE does not have the problem of the offsetting effect. The RMSE provides a measurement if the investor prefers to impose a more heavily penalty upon the larger forecast errors. Asymmetric loss function As mentioned before, all investors have their individual preference for the loss functions. It is likely that investors have asymmetric loss functions rather than symmetric loss functions. Referring the past research (Pagan and Schwert, 1990; Brailsford and Faff, 1996), the mean mixed error is employed in this paper. Firstly, the mean mixed error with a more heavily penalty on the forecast errors by underpredicting is Secondly, the mean mixed error penalizing the overpredicted forecast errors move heavily is where O is the number of overpredictions and U is the number of underpredication in the out-of-sample forecasts. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-57529939926081583212019-12-17T14:09:00.001-08:002019-12-17T14:09:04.740-08:00Class Action Lab Report Essay examples - 1100 Words Joseph Sulaiman Alya Abourezk 4/13/12-4/14/12 Class Action Lab Report Purpose: To determine, through observations, the identity of substances produced in a chemical reaction. Materials: Safety Goggles Stirring rod Magnesium ribbon Solid CuSO4â⬠¢H2O Matches Test tubes Copper metal 3M HCl Red and blue litmus strips 0.1M AgNO3 Zinc metal 0.1M Pb(NO3)2 Test tube holder 0.1M KI Bunsen burner 0.1M Na2NO3 Crucible tongs 1.0M NaOH Water (H2O) 0.1M Ca(NO3)2 50mL beaker 1.0 CuSO4 Procedure: Using the crucible tongs, take a magnesium strip and hold it in hot spot (just above the inner cone of fire) on the bunsen burner. Use peripheral vision as not to damage your eyes and hold the tongs well so theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Dispose in the waste beaker. In a clean test tube place 1mL of Na2CO3. Add 1mL of Ca(NO3)2 to the sodium carbonate solution. In a clean test tube place 1mL of NaOH. add 1mL of CuSO4 to the sodium hydroxide solution. Observations: Chemical Equation Initial Observation Final Observation Type of Reaction 2Mg+O2 -- 2MgO shiny, metallic, grey strip white, powdery, chalky substance synthesis, combustion MgO+H2O -- Mg(OH)2 chalky Mg and clear, colorless water create milky white, but clear solution Red litmus: turned slightly blue Blue litmus: no obvious change synthesis CuSO4â⬠¢H2O -- CuSO4+5H2O cobalt blue crystal blue substance turned white, rocky, opaque-yellowish deposit, water vapor decomposition CuSO4+5H2O -- CuSO4â⬠¢H2O clear, colorless water, white, rocky copper substance crackling, white dissolved, created a blues clear substance decomposition, synthesis 2HCl+2Zn -- H2+2ZnCl Zinc is silver, lustrous; HCl clear and colorless Zn bubbled in the HCl solution single displacement, synthesis 2ZnCl+H2 -- 2HCl+2Zn Zinc was bubbling when exposed to fire, the H gas made a popping noise single displacement 2AgNO3+Cu -- Cu(NO3)2+Ag2 clear, colorless AgNO3; bronze lustrous copper balls Cu gave off bubbles and were coated in a black, near mold like, substance single displacement Pb(NO3)2+2KI -- PbI2+2KNO3 2 clear, colorless substances bright, sunshine yellow substance (residue, solid powder) double displacement Na2CO3+Ca(NO3)2 -- 2NaNO3+CaCO3Show MoreRelatedLaboratory Management- General Functions of a Laboratory Manager1249 Words à |à 5 Pagesassignment the general functions of a laboratory manager is being discussed. 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It was a result of ignorance and the idea of hierarchy: superiority and inferiority. The inhumane action of the researchers led to policies that protects against barbarous experiments. Tuskegee syphilis study started in 1932 with a good intentionRead MoreAcademic Ethics And Academic Integrity Essay1276 Words à |à 6 Pages2016). Academic integrity is important because it shows that the student is trustworthy and honest enough to do his or her own work, whether someone is looking or not. ââ¬Å"Learning how to express original ideas, cite sources, work independently, and report results accurately and honestly are skills that carry students beyond their academic careersâ⬠(Michigan State University, n.d., para. 2). Professional ethics are guidelines set by professional organizations that guide its members in performing theRead MoreHandout 01BOSTON UNIVERSITYDepartment Of Mechanical EngineeringMechanics1188 Words à |à 5 PagesGovindjee, Engineering Mechanics of Deformable Solids, Oxford; 2013. ISBN: 978-0-19-965164-1 Grading: Approximate allocations of credit for work for the semester is as follows: Midterm exam: Final Exam: Design and Project Assignments: Laboratory Reports from Demonstrations (3): Quizzes: Teaching Fellows: Saman Seifi ââ¬â¢Lekan Babaniyi 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% samansei@bu.edu lekanb@bu.edu Important Information: â⬠¢ Failure to turn in any one of the laboratory exercises, the course project, or signed HandoutRead MoreTotal Knee Replacement1425 Words à |à 6 PagesNifedipine (Adalat,Procardia,others) Prototype Drug / .Therapeutic Class: Drug for hypertension and angina Pharmacologic Class: Calcium channel blocker. ACTIONS AND USESNifedipine is CCB generally prescribed for HTN and variant or vasospastic angina. It is occasionally used to treat Raynauds phenomenon and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nifedipine acts by selectively bloking calcium channels in myocardial and vascular smooth muscle, including those in the coronary arteries. This results summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-32281267353610898132019-12-09T10:52:00.001-08:002019-12-09T10:52:03.031-08:00Economics and Quantitative Analysis Economy Question: (a) Provide a descriptive analysis of the two variables (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). (b) Develop a scatter diagram with retention rate as the independent variable. What does the scatter diagram indicate about the relationship between the two variables? (c) Develop and estimate a regression equation that can be used to predict the graduation rate (%) given the retention rate (%). (d) State the estimated regression equation and interpret the meaning of the slope coefficient. (e) Is there a statistically significant association between graduation rate (%) and retention rate (%). What is your conclusion? (f) Did the regression equation provide a good fit? Explain. (g) Suppose you were the president of South University. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? (h) Suppose you were the president of the University of Phoenix. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? Answer: Introduction The two variables that are used within this report for the performance of several universities are named as the graduation rate and a retention rate. The graduation rate is dependent on the retention rate where the retention rate means the rate at which the students continue their education from the same university. Through it, the graduation rate will likely increase because the retention rate is higher. This would mean that the increase in the retention rate will have a positive increasing effect on the graduation rate which needs to be assessed through scatter plot and regression equation (Beldona, 2010). Other statistical tools will also be used like min and max method, mean and standard deviation. The min method provides us with the most minimum retention rate among the universities and the most minimum graduation rate among the universities. The max method will provide us with the most maximum retention and graduation rate. The mean will provide the analyst with the most common percentage among the universities signifying the retention rate and graduation rate. The standard deviation will provide us the variability from the mean. The scatter plot will facilitate in identifying the relationship between the two variables and the regression equation will help in illustrating the relationship in an equation. Purpose The 29 online universities are to be analyzed in accordance with their performance using statistical tools to statistically analyze the data for it. Those statistical measures would include the min-max method, scatter plot, mean, standard deviation and regression equation. All of the terms are already explained in the previous section. The purpose would notify as to how the two variables are interrelated with each other. Background The statisticians use these measures to understand the dataset provided within the study. The statistical tools will help us in understanding the statistical relationship between the two variables and hence, it would be quite effective to apply the statistical tools to determine the exact relationship between the two variables. (Armstrong, 2013) In accordance with the regression equation, this is the most significant statistical tool because the relationship between the two variables is described in to an equation where the relationship provides us with a good analysis of the independent and dependent variable. This is done through an equation below: Y = m X +c The retention rates and graduation rates have been a in significant relation between each other which has resulted the retention rate to officially think of it that all such retention rates were increasing and the graduation rates are decreased. Method Firstly, mean is determined which would let us know the most common rate among the 29 online universities. The mean would identify the most common rate in accordance with the retention rate and graduation rate. In the same way, then standard deviation method will let the statisticians know as to how much variability is there from the determination of mean. Some other methods like min and max method. The min means the least possible value for the retention rate or graduation rate. However, the scatter plot will also be used which represents the illustration of the graph through which the type of relationship will be evident. There are three types of relationship which can be illustrated through a scatter plot (Kahng, 20010). The first one is known as a positive relationship between the two variables. That means that when X increases, Y also increases. Then there exists a negative relationship. That means that when X increases, Y decreases or when X decreases, Y increases. Therefore, t he two variables are then negatively correlated. After that, the third type of relationship is the no relationship (Omran, 2010). This means that there is no resultant increase in Y with an increase in X. Both the variables remain unchanged. Then the regression method is also used to describe the relationship between the two variables in an equation form. Results The results for the given data are shown below: Astatisticaltechnique used to explain or predict the behaviour of adependent variable. Generally, aregressionequationtakestheformof Y= m X + c , where Y is the dependent variable that the equationtriesto predict, X is theindependent variablethat is being used to predict Y, a is the Y-intercept of the line, and c is avaluecalled the Y intercept (Kahng, 2013). It can be seen that the mean retention rate is 57.4% while the mean graduation rate is 42%. The standard deviation for the retention rate is 23% while the standard deviation for the graduation rate is 9.8%. The max retention rate is 100% while the max graduation rate is 61%. The minimum retention rate is 4% while the minimum graduation rate is 25%. The most common retention rate among the universities is 57.4% emulated by the graduation rate of 42%. Scatter Plot The scatter plot for this data set is shown as under: The m slope is calculated as the graduation rate = M x retention rate + 25.4%. Hence According to the author, the scatter diagram shows a positive relationship between the two variables. However, at certain instances, the retention rates are lower and the graduation rates are substantially higher (Murnance, 2013). This is a great concern for the statistical analyst from this point of view. However, to sum up as a whole, the retention rate increases due to which the graduation rate also increases. Regression equation The regression equation can be described as the relationship between the two variables being studied or researched. It also makes sense for the dependent of any influence on the subject through these two variables (Abernathy, 2011). The regression equation is as under: The above regression equation is Y = 0.284 X + 25.423. Y is the graduation rate, X is the retention and 25.423 is the Y intercept. Hence, the positive relationship is quite significant from the above universities. And, this can be proved in this manner: Y = 0.2845 x 35 + 25.423 = 35% Y = 0.2845 x 40 + 25.43 = 36% Therefore, the increase in any positive aspects will prove to be a great source of influence on the graduation rate. Discussion and Recommendations The University of South has a favorable graduation rate along with a retention rate. The graduation rate increases because the retention rate increases as it has been discussed above already. But the first and foremost concern is that some of the universities have lower retention rates but their graduation rates increase and that might be due to the fact that the retention rate is decreasing. Apart from this, the Universities of Phoenix has a lower retention rate and the most surprising fact is that the graduation rates also increase (Karafiath, 2014). The graduation rates are solely dependent on the retention rate. With such a lower retention rate, the graduation rates are increasing. This would mean that when the retention rate increases, the graduation would increase more than all this. This is due to the fact that with a lower retention rate, the graduation rate is still more favorable. Bibliography Abernathy, J.R., 2011. Smoking as an independent variable in a multiple regression analysis upon birth weight and gestation. BMJ Journal, 56(4), pp.626-33. Armstrong, J.S., 2013. Illusions in Regression Analysis. International Journal of Forecast, 3(2), pp.689-94. Beldona, S., 2010. Regression analysis for equipment auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), pp.809-22. Kahng, S., 20010. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR BASED ON SCATTER PLOT ANALYSIS. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31(4), pp.593-604. Kahng, S., 2013. TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PROBLEM BEHAVIOR BASED ON SCATTER PLOT ANALYSIS. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31(4), pp.593-604. Karafiath, I., 2014. Estimating cross-sectional regressions in event studies with conditional heteroskedasticity and regression designs that have leverage. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 10(4), pp.418-31. Murnance, J., 2013. U.S. High School Graduation Rates: Patterns and Explanations. Journal of Economic Literature, 51(2), pp.370-422. Omran, M., 2010. Linear Versus Nonà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã linear Relationships Between Financial Ratios and Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence from Egyptian Firms. Review of Accounting and Finance, 3(2), pp.84-102. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-83058480380979404342019-12-01T22:33:00.001-08:002019-12-01T22:33:03.637-08:00Oedipus the King Guilty or Innocent free essay sample A Reaction Paper in English 106 (Greek Drama) Oedipus the King: Guilty or Innocent Submitted to Dr. Ulysses B. Aparece Submitted by Elmer J. Mangubat Guilty or Innocent Guilt presupposes the commission of sin; yet what comprises sin? From the moral standpoint, sin is the denial of what is good that is ought to be done or to happen; or sin is the omission of what is ought to be done. For sin to be categorized as such, there has to be a set of moral standards from which judgment on whether sin happens or not proceeds. Thus, to say Oedipus is guilty remains to be seen.Proponents have long debated over Oedipusââ¬â¢s guilt or innocence. I would like to react on some of P. H. Vellacotââ¬â¢s assertions on the guilt of Oedipus. Firstly, Vellacot says ââ¬Å"the terrible destiny of Oedipus is shown as one put upon him by supernatural powers in general, by that comprehensive Fate which governs every manââ¬â¢s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the King: Guilty or Innocent or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â⬠At the onset of his commentary, Vellacot seems to suggest that Oedipus is already latched into this tragic path of destinyââ¬âas ordained by Fate, with the concurrence, of course, of the gods.In the intricate lives of Greek heroes and heroines, the role of the gods and goddesses is a predominant theme. It is not surprising, therefore, that Oedipus is no exception. Itââ¬â¢s as if his fate has long been sealed, and the oracles and prophesies are just a confirmation to this tragic playing of his role. As the term comprehensive suggests, Oedipus is bound to follow his fate as preordained by the powers that be. Secondly, Vellacot argues that if everything is because of fate then Oedipus is without sin; therefore, there can be no tragedy.Then he purports this question: ââ¬Å"How can there be a true tragedy without sin? â⬠Following this line of thinking, Vellacot asserts that Sophocles must provide the sound claim for Oedipusââ¬â¢s sin to justify the tragic character of the playââ¬âthus Oedipusââ¬â¢s false accusations on Tiresias and Creon. To Vellacot, however, this move is just Sophoclesââ¬â¢ ploy of adding sin to justify Oedipusââ¬â¢s downfall. This assertion of Vellacot might be bordering on speculation, yet there could be a grain of truth in it.The assertion is seemingly a potent ploy of Vellacot himself to heighten the debate over Oedipusââ¬â¢s guilt, which is epitomized by the question: ââ¬Å"How can there be a tragedy without sin? â⬠The forego ing propositions of Vellacot on Oedipusââ¬â¢s innocence pave the way for Vellacotââ¬â¢s rebuttalââ¬âthat although it was clear that the oracle had spoken, Oedipus had full awareness of the things that he should and could have avoided through the premonitions of the drunkard, and later of Tiresias.With the premonitions in place, the foremost thoughts of Oedipus should have been, as Vellacot purports, to avoid (1) killing an old man and (2) avoid marrying an elderly woman. The literary critic E. R. Dodds shares a similar view with Vellacot. The moralist, as he says, might ask, ââ¬Å"Knowing that he was in danger of committing patricide and incest, would not a really prudent man have avoided quarreling, even in self-defense, with men older than himself, and also love-relations with women older than himself? â⬠This is a very valid claim, indeed.Oedipus could have exercised self-control knowing that even the slightest of probabilities could trigger that rush of fate. Dodds reasons, however, that these considerations would have been in place had we been scrutinizing the character of a person. Instead, we should look at it in the light of the dramatist perspective, as Dodds puts it: ââ¬Å"We are examining the intentions of a dramatist, and we are not entitled to ask questions that the dramatist did not intend to ask. â⬠On a personal note, I would say to some degree that Oedipus has certain culpability toward his actuations.Although the Greeks perceive their gods as if they were one with them in all that they do, the fact remains that Oedipus is still a human being; and part of his humanity is that he has the intellect and the will. To some degree, he has the will and freedom to check his actuations in the different circumstances that he is in. This would have been the ideal way that Oedipus could have played his role. However, questions would hound us again: Who are we to question the dramatistââ¬â¢s intentions? What would become of the playââ¬âof the tragedy in particularââ¬âhad things gone the other way? summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-80322938766618822522019-11-26T21:04:00.001-08:002019-11-26T21:04:04.418-08:00How to Hire a Research Paper WriterHow to Hire a Research Paper Writer How to Hire a Research Paper Writer It may be something that you dread, but during the course of your education, you will be required to write research papers. This is a big part of much of the grade in certain majors, so if you want to get the best grades possible, you will need to turn in excellent research papers. However, this may be a challenge sometimes because of all the work you have to do, along with your busy life and schedule. There may be times when you are not able to get all of your work done by yourself. This is when you should hire a research paper writer to write your paper for you. However, you need to know exactly how to do this. Where to Find Research Paper Writers You may wonder how you can get help with your research paper, but all you need to do is look online. There are plenty of experienced, professional freelance research paper writers available on one of the many academic paper writing sites online. Just do a relevant search for keywords that pertain to what you want, such as ââ¬Ëresearch paper writersââ¬â¢ or ââ¬Ëonline academic paper writers.ââ¬â¢ Just be sure to ask questions before you use any service, so that you will have an idea of their process. Hiring a Research Paper Writer As stated above, the most important thing to remember when hiring a professionalà research paper writer online is choosing a writing site that will give you the best paper for your money. Check out the siteââ¬â¢s FAQ and Policies sections. There you should find all of the relevant information that you need. Do not use a writing company online that does not let you know all of the information you need to know up front. Also, it is best to ask for a sample of work from the company, so that you can see the quality and style of the work produced. It is also a good idea to make sure they have a free revision policy, as well as a money-back guarantee, just in case you are dissatisfied with the paper you receive. If your research paper is lengthy, it is a good idea to have the writers do it in segments. This way you can pay as you go, until the paper is completely finished. If, during this time, you are dissatisfied with a segment, you can have another company do the remainder of the paper. After you have gathered information from the company and are satisfied with the answers to your questions and the sample you received, make your choice. Then, when you decide on a company, submit your order, and wait for delivery. Itââ¬â¢s that simple. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-54221798057075841352019-11-23T04:38:00.001-08:002019-11-23T04:38:04.169-08:00English Contractions for ESLEnglish Contractions for ESL English contractions are shortened forms of helping or auxiliary verbs in both positive and negative sentences. Contractions are generally used in spoken English, but not in formal written English. However, written English is becoming more informal (emails, notes to friends, etc.) and you will often see these forms in print. Heres an example from a business email: Ive been working on a new project. It hasnt been easy, but next week Ill finish. This example shows three contractions: Ive / hasnt / Ill. Learn the rules of contraction use in English below. Each of the following English contractions includes an explanation of the full form and example sentences to provide context for understanding. Positive Contractions Im : Im waiting for my friend.Ill : Ill see you tomorrow.Id : Id better leave now. OR Id already eaten by the time he arrived.Ive : Ive worked here for many years. Youre : Youre joking!Youll : Youll be sorry!Youd : Youd left before he arrived, hadnt you? OR Youd better hurry up.Youve : Youve been to London many times. Hes : Hes on the phone now. OR Hes been playing tennis since 10 this morning.Hell : Hell be here tomorrow.Hed : Hed prefer to meet you later in the week. OR Hed finished before the meeting began. Shes : Shes watching TV at the moment. OR Shes had a lot of trouble lately.Shell : Shell be at the meeting.Shed : Shed been working for two hours when he telephoned. OR Shed like to have a glass of wine. Its : Its been long time since we saw each other last. OR Its very difficult to concentrate.Itll : Itll be here soon.Itd : Itd be difficult to say no. OR Itd been a long time. Were : Were working hard on the Smith account this week.Well : Well begin when he arrives.Wed : Wed better hurry up if we want to catch the train. OR Wed finished the meeting before you arrived.Weve : Weve been waiting for you! Theyre : Theyre studying German this afternoon.Theyll : Theyll finish soon if they concentrate.Theyd : Theyd eaten their lunch when she stopped by to say hello. OR Theyd rather not come to the meeting.Theyve : Theyve just purchased a new home. Theres : Theres a hotel in the next town. OR Theres been too many telephone calls today!Therell : Therell be a price to pay!Thered : Thered better be a good explanation for this. OR Thered be some reason for that. Thats : Thats been on my mind lately. OR Thats why I cant come.Thatll : Thatll happen sooner than you think.Thatd : Thatd be the reason why. OR Thatd happened before my time. Negative Contractions arent : They arent coming next week.cant : I cant understand you.couldnt : He couldnt get his shoes on!didnt : We didnt visit Rome. We went straight to Florence.doesnt : He doesnt play golf.dont : They dont like cheese.hadnt : I hadnt thought of that!hasnt : She hasnt telephoned yet.isnt : She isnt listening to you.mustnt : Children mustnt play with fire.neednt : You neednt worry about that.shouldnt : You shouldnt smoke cigarettes.wasnt : I wasnt joking when I said that.werent : They werent invited to the party.wont : I wont be able to attend the conference.wouldnt : She wouldnt be surprised if he showed up at the party. Contractions in Speech English learners should become familiar with contractions in order to understand the grammar of what is said quickly. Native English speakers tend to speak quickly and glide over function words such as helping verbs. Most English contractions are contractions of helping verbs, so an understanding of the role these contracted helping verbs play in grammar can help you better understand spoken English. English learners should feel free to use contractions whenever they speak, but the use of contractions is not required. If you prefer to speak using full helping verb forms, continue to do so, but become familiar with contractions in order to help your understanding. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-33229296797482201322019-11-21T04:12:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:12:08.595-08:00Human genome Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 wordsHuman genome - Term Paper Example One of the most contentious issues coming up over the next few years will surely be whether to allow human genomes to be patented. Human rights advocates are concerned that allowing patents will infringe on human dignity by giving permission to certain organizations to keep records of a person's genome records and is an invasion of privacy, sort of (Patrinos & Ansorge, 2005, p. 391). Human genome patents is shaping up as a huge social controversy because of its far-reaching implications on research such as those dealing with genetic defects that can cause inherited diseases. Patents are crucial to give encouragement to researchers so that their efforts will be amply rewarded, similar to the copyrights of authors and artists who want royalties for their creative talents. Patents in the context of medical research has effects on how well human beings can live their lives, whether disease-free or not, for example. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-12573091532974895312019-11-19T18:06:00.001-08:002019-11-19T18:06:04.398-08:00William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsWilliam Shakespeares Macbeth - Essay Example Thus, there are spectacular evidences all through the characterisation and the plot of the play which suggest the importance of the Elizabethan culture in the representation of 'gender' in Macbeth. Therefore, a paradox of sexual confusion and gender roles is evident at the heart of the play. "'Macbeth, a virile warrior-hero, is at the same time an 'unfinished man' who murders because he has been convinced by his wife that only through violence will he achieve a state of heroism. His manhood, displayed in the utterly 'masculine' form of bloodshed, is not self-determined or innate, but rather infused into him by Lady Macbeth." (Sch'rkhuber, 2007, p. 75). Therefore, this paper analyses Shakespeare's representation of 'gender' in Macbeth and compares it with the representation of 'gender' in the 21st Century referring to current literature, media, and poetry. One of the central concerns of the critics of the play Macbeth has been the author's representation of feminism in the play which is noted for the reversal of gender roles. Thus, one finds that the playwright has been interested in representing females as dominating their counterparts and the major characters and themes of the play depict the difference in the sexual representation of males and females. Whereas both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are obsessed by the same passion of ambition, the playwright represents its effect differently in males and females. Lady Macbeth, the chief representative of females in the play, evidently violates the natural law concerning gender roles and the character of Macbeth enhances the reversal of gender roles in the play. "Both Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are fired by the same passion of ambition. However, while Macbeth is presented as violating moral law, Lady Macbeth seems to violate natural law: she is unfeminine. By eliminating in herself and her hus band tenderness, pity and vulnerability to feeling - human qualities her culture tends to associate with women - Lady Macbeth becomes half man herself. Through his efforts to be supreme among all men, Macbeth re-enacts the ambivalence of his sexual identity: the more he tries to prove his masculinity, the greater his fusion with Lady Macbeth." (Sch'rkhuber, 2007, p. 75). Therefore, it is palpable to a careful reader of the tragedy that Lady Macbeth makes an essential attempt to assume masculine characteristics which can make herself a stronger person. In addition, she also disparages her male counterpart, Macbeth, by attacking his own masculinity. "Macbeth shows a reversal in gender roles. The play questions what constitutes masculinity and femininity. It is important to Macbeth to be seen as a strong, powerful man. Lady Macbeth taunts him and mocks his sexuality to force him to get the courage to kill Duncan." (Thacker, 2008). In a careful analysis of the representation of feminism and masculinity in the play, one recognises that there is an evident reversal of gender roles by the playwright which can be comprehended as an attempt to identify with the contemporary Elizabethan culture. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-89260319847858129462019-11-17T06:38:00.001-08:002019-11-17T06:38:08.640-08:00Fiscal and Physical Planning of Vocational Essay Example for Free Fiscal and Physical Planning of Vocational Essay Introduction Education generally is planned to develop the people in a society, In essence proper steps should be taken in the planning process. Nuhu (2007) sees vocational and technical education as that education, concerned with the acquisition of practical and applied skills, as well as basic scientific knowledge. It is only therefore a planned programme of theory and practical learning experiences that will guarantee acquisition of basic academic and life skills, achievement of high academic standards, leadership and preparation for industry-defined work. In any organization, planning competence is required in setting goals, developing strategies and outlining tax schedules to facilitate accomplishment of such goals. Planning is the process of organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal. It is basically concerned with the organization of men, money and materials (3M), which are one of the major functions of the top management, for without effective planning, a waste of time and resources is possible. It is also necessary to note therefore, that information is the key to planning and the need for adequate and timely information cannot be over emphasized. One of the major philosophies of education in Nigeria is based on the integration of the individual into a sound and effective citizen, this and most of the national educational aims and objectives can only be achieved through a properly planned vocational and technical education. Planning of vocational and technical education is basically to enhance human dignity and enthrone work and labor by making individuals acquire and develop enough saleable and employable skills, competencies, attitudes as well as knowledge to enable them gain and maintain basic employment or self-reliance for a comfortable living. The Nigerian dream of building a truly egalitarian society can only be achieved through the effective use of vocational and technical education because it offers life-long education to all types of learners and enable them realize and develop their self-potentials maximally. In planning vocational and technical education, we decide in advance, what to be done, when, where, how and by whom it is to be done. It also entails working out before hand, how to achieve or accomplish the objectives of vocational and technical education, stated in the National policy on education (2004). Which includes:- 1. Providing trained manpower in applied sciences, technology and business. 2. Providing the technical knowledge and vocational skills necessary for agricultural, commercial and economic development. 3. Giving training and imparting necessary skills to individual who shall be self reliant economically. 4. Providing maximum options for learners to advance or branch out into gainful employment. 5. Making education concrete and understandable while general education should point out the vocational implication of all educational experiences. 6. Providing pre-vocational orientation to students into the world of work. 7. Developing attitudes, basic educative skills and habits appropriate for work. 8. Satisfying the demands of the society that is technology-oriented and the needs of man for liberalizing experience in his educational growth and similar undertakings. 9. Providing professionals who can apply scientific knowledge to the improvement and solution of environmental problems for the use and convenience of man. 10. To give an introduction to professional studies in other technological field. 11. Enabling our young men and women to have intelligent understanding of the increasing complexity of technology. And in pursuance of these set goals and objectives of vocational and technical education, the main features of the curricular shall be structured in both theory and practical learning experiences. The curriculum shall consist of five components, which are:- 1. General education 2. Theory and related courses 3. Workshop practice 4. Industrial training 5. Small business management For effective participation of students in practical work, the teacher-student ratio shall be kept at 1:20, and trainees completing vocational and technical education programmes shall have this three options and more:- a. To secure employment b. To set up their own business c. Pursue further education Without finance, the above objectives cannot be achieve, hence fiscal planning is the life wire of vocational and technical education Fiscal planning of vocational and technical education It refers to the most appropriate way to access finances (money) and determine the best course of action to take (budgeting) for future benefits. Fiscal planning of vocational and technical education means deciding in advance, how funds will be sourced and allocated to each of the areas in vocational and technical education. This is a major function of the government, budget committee on education and educational administrators. It goes further to answers such questions such as:- 1. What are the sources of funding VTE? 2. How much fund is available? 3. Which areas should fund be allocated? 4. Why will such funds be allocated? What are the sources of funding VTE? VTE just like general education have specific sources of funding which include:- 1. Government allocation 2. Internally generated revenue (IGR) 3. Education trust/tax fund. 4. International aid from world bank and developed countries 5. Non-governmental agencies (NGO) and more. How much fund is available? While the allocation to education tops those of other sectors in Nigeriaââ¬â¢s 2013 budget proposal presented to the joint session of the National Assembly on the 10th of October 2012 by President Jonathan, the amount is still far below the standard set by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The proposed allocation of N426 billion to the sector takes only 8. 7percent of the proposed total national budget of N4. 9 trillion, whereas the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), actually recommended for allocation of 26percent to the sector which is very vital to national development (Education) and VTE being very capital intensive requires more funding. So the question of how much fund is available will depend on how rich is the country in focus, and how much is allocated to education sector in general. Which areas should fund be allocated? This may have to deal with a simple analysis of human and material resources that will be needed to run the various VTE programmes such as business education, technical education, agric and home economics education. Why will such funds be allocated? Funds should be made available to run VTE so as to achieve the aforementioned goals and in the long run achieve the national objectives of Nigeria and they include the building of:- 1. A free and democratic society. 2. A just and egalitarian society. 3. A united, strong and self reliant nation. 4. A great and dynamic economy. 5. A land of bright and full opportunities for all citizens. Physical planning of VTE Physical planning entails the organization of land and infrastructure use, while emphasizing the need for providing a balanced economic development and conserving resources. There is a relationship between the fiscal and physical planning of VTE, as there can be no human and material presence without a good financial budget. The physical planning of VTE relates to land and material aspects in the planning process, and organizing human and material resources for effective operations of vocation and technical education. This plan involves the following:- 1. A topographical survey on existing VTE schools. 2. Preparing architectural designs and drawings 3. Ensuring supervision of construction and rehabilitation work. 4. Provision of preventive maintenance facilities. 5. Designing laboratory for VTE workshop for practical learning. 6. Ensuring proper ventilation in classrooms and workshop. 7. Provision of appropriate office and class room furniture. 8. Ensuring availability of capable professionals in the various VTE programmes. Budgeting techniques in planning VTE Budgetary processes constitute the primary mechanism for planning and controlling educational activities. Budgets have been defined in various ways by managers and school administrators because organizations are always functioning by monitoring the flow of money in order to attain its set goals and objectives. Knezevich (1975) defined budgeting as a financial or quantitative statement that has been prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time. This statement includes policy to be pursued during the period for the attainment of objectivesà However, it is pertinent to state that education budget is a financial blue print for the operation of the educational sector for the fiscal year. Types of budgeting 1. Line ââ¬â Item Budgeting-: This is the traditional technique of budgeting which lists items on a purely object basis. It is also referred to as object of expenditure budget. This type of budgeting classifies expenditure on the basis of articles or items purchased. It refers to the grouping of expenditure into categories such as administrative staff salaries, academic staff salaries, supplies and materials, repairs and maintenance and so on. 2. Performance Budget-: It is an improvement on traditional budgeting because it emphasis the use of brief explanations to support each item of expenditure. In this type of budget, one does not budget for money but one budget for the objective to be achieved. Moreover, Calden and Wildaryshy (1974) remarked that performance budgeting allow transactions to be identified by general purpose in order to distinguish between expenditures which contribute tp development and those which do not. 3. Functional budgeting-: This technique of budgeting simply explains the budget according to the head which it is expected to meet. Ebhomien (1984) stated that the demerit of this type of budgeting includes the fact that objectives of such budgets are not always clearly stated because they are usually broadly defined. This form of budgeting does not give room for full accountability as it makes it difficult for someone to know how every little bit of the fund allocated is spent. Caffarella Model of Programmme Planning Cafferalla Program Planning Model Caffarella listed 12 steps to be considered in programme planning. The 12 steps are: â⬠¢Discerning the context â⬠¢Building a solid base of support â⬠¢Identifying programme ideas. â⬠¢Sorting and prioritizing programme ideas â⬠¢Developing programme objectives â⬠¢Designing instructional plans â⬠¢Devising transfer-of-learning plans â⬠¢Formulating evaluation plans â⬠¢Making recommendations and communicating results â⬠¢Selecting formats, schedules and staff needs â⬠¢Preparing budgets and marketing plans â⬠¢Coordinating facilities and on-site events Caffarella presents the model as a circle where all 12 steps point toward the center circle, called the Interactive Model of Programme Planning, indicating that the process is non-sequential. The program planner can begin the process at any one of the 12 steps, and does not need to work around the circle but rather each step is a reminder of important tasks to be completed during the process. How fiscal and physical planning has contributed to the growth of VTE 1. There is improved awareness and acceptance of vocational and technical education. 2. It has provided a basis for timely decision making. 3. There is more intervention in the area of infrastructure. For example, the new VTE workshop in our school. (UNIBEN) 4. It has promoted more effective and efficient utilization of available resources. 5. It has ensured continuity of vocational and technical education in our various institutions. Factors to consider before planning vocational and technical education Initial assessment of existing VTE system:- It will be necessary to first assess the existing VTE system capacity, including funding levels and budget utilization, strengths, weaknesses and deficiencies before embarking on a large-scale system reform or expansion strategy. There is therefore the need to conduct specific baseline studies that also explore the existing links with the other levels of education and national labor policies. Linkage with other sectors of the national economy:- There should be specification in clears terms between VTE and other sectors of the national economy in order to effectively link the VTE strategy to other national strategies and policies in the area of education and training, employment, and socio-economic development. Linkage with regional and international policies:- How does the national VTE strategy dovetail into existing regional and international education and training policy frameworks and protocols? National VTE strategies should take into account the education and training protocols of regional groupings like The Economic Community Of West African States (ECOWAS), Southern African Development Community (SADC), and The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and also other acknowledged international agencies involved in education and skills training, such as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and The International Labor Organization (ILO). Linkage with the world of work:- Since the ultimate objective of VTE is employability and employment promotion, it is necessary to link training to the needs of the labor market. VTE must be relevant and demand-driven, rather than supply-driven and a stand-alone activity. In order to do this, data is required on the actual employability of VTE graduates, available job opportunities, and the evolving skills demands on the labor front. Determining the demand for skills is best achieved through country specific Labor Market Information Systems (LMIS) and other survey instruments. Instructor training and professionalization of VTE staff:- The professional competence of vocational and technical education teachers is crucial to the successful implementation of any VTE strategy. Governments should therefore make conscious efforts, not only to train but also to retain teachers in the program. REFERENCES Adaralegbe, A. (2001). A Philosophy of Nigerian Education. Ibadan: Heinemann. Ahubaka, I. (1996). The Role of Science and Technology in National Development. Caffarella, R. S. (2001). Planning programs for adult learners: A practical guide for educators, trainers, and staff developers (2 ed. ). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc Ekpenyong, L. E. (1992). ââ¬Å"Business Teacher Education in Nigeria Prospects and Challenges for the 21st Century. Ekpenyong, L. E. Nwabuisi, J. N. (2001). Curriculum and Human Resource Development issues in Business Education. Ekpenyong, L. E. (2005). Foundations of Technical and Vocational Education. Benin City: Supreme Ideal Publishers Int. Ltd. Evans, R. (1982). Why Vocational Education belong in the Comprehensive High Education. Journal of American Vocational Association. 57 (6). Federal Republic of Nigeria (2004). ââ¬Å"National Policy on Educationâ⬠(4th Ed) Yaba. NERDC press. Ile, C. M. , Asoegwu, M. N. N. Chukwugbo, G. C. (2005). ââ¬Å"Essentials of Vocational Education and Technical Education for beginnersâ⬠. Awka: Marpat Educational Research and Publishers. Miller J. V. and Vetter L. (1996). ââ¬Å"Vocational Guidance for Equal Access and Opportunity for Girls and Women in Technical and Vocational Educationâ⬠. Paris. UNESCO. Ogwo, B. A and Oranu, R. N. (2006). ââ¬Å"Methodology in Formal and Non Formal Technical/Vocational Educationâ⬠. Enugu: Ijejas Printers Publishers Company. Olairan, S. 0. (1990). Vocational and Technical Education: Issues and Analysis. Onitsha: Nobel Graphic Press. Osuala, E. C. (1995). Functions of Vocational Education. Nsukka: Falladu Publishing Company. www. africa-union. org/strategy-to-revitalize-technical-and-vocational-education-and-training-in-africa www. businessdayonline. com/NG/index. php/component/content/article/366-business-shool/46337-2013-budget-educations-allocation-still-far-below-unescos-stipulat. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3694306599277895114.post-49891234254177049982019-11-14T19:10:00.001-08:002019-11-14T19:10:04.847-08:00Lord Capulet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: Papers Lord Capulet in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet Lord Capulet is a character in the play "Romeo and Juliet" by William Shakespeare which we have been reading together in class. This piece is a study on this character. The story is of a young boy and girl who find love in each other but due to a sequence of events their lives are prematurely ended. Lord Capulet is the head of the Capulets and is well respected by the rest of his house. He is also Lady Capulets wife and Juliet's father. He is important in this story, as he is able to make decisions, which will affect the lives of many other people, not only in his own house but also in his bitter rivals house, The Montague's. Throughout the whole play there are scenes that revolve solely around him and Juliet, this makes him one of the most powerful people in the play and one of the main characters. The first time we see Capulet is in the brawl at the market, it is between the Capulets and Montagues. He immediately asks for his sword, "give me my long sword, ho!" as he sees Montague but his wife restrains him. You can tell by both his actions and his first words that he is not in a good mood and is spoiling for a fight also he acts like a middle aged man of around 40 years. We find out later in the play that he has a temper and his mood varies quickly from happy to anger or visa-versa. We next see Capulet in scene two where he is talking to Count Paris, an eligible young man who wishes to marry Juliet. He tells Paris that Juliet is too young, she's still only thirteen and he should wait until she is two years older, then he can marry her, "My child is yet a stranger in the world; she hath not seen the change of fourteen years". If not he should 'woo' Juliet and if she is happy, they shall talk again. summerfosthttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16618596216961600082noreply@blogger.com0